Question 1

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Accepted Answer

A)   increased urine output.
B)   decreased aldosterone production.
C)   decreased osmolality of the filtrate.
D)   increased osmolality of the urine.
E)   decreased urine volume.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E) A

Question 2

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)   high urea concentration in medulla
B)   active transport of solutes from ascending limb
C)   the vasa recta
D)   functions of the loop of Henle
E)   All of these choices are correctF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule
B)   renal corpuscle
C)   loop of Henle
D)   distal convoluted tubule
E)   collecting ductF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 4

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A)   lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli.
B)   the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption.
C)   permeable to water if ADH is present.
D)   impermeable to water.
E)   the site of water secretion.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

The vasa recta

Accepted Answer

A)   supplies blood to the glomerulus.
B)   alters the cortical solute gradient.
C)   collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid.
D)   collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule.
E)   surrounds the collecting duct.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Match the hormone with the function.
-renin

Accepted Answer

A)  increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
B)  affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting duct
C)  causes production of Angiotensin II
D)  acts as a vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion
E)  produced by heart, inhibits ADH production, reduces ability of the kidney to concentrate urineF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 7

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg
Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg
Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Accepted Answer

A)   110 mmHg
B)   90 mmHg
C)   50 mmHg
D)   30 mmHg
E)   20 mmHgF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

The kidneys produce renin when

Accepted Answer

A)   the urine becomes acidic.
B)   the peritubular capillaries dilate.
C)   the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases.
D)   sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases.
E)   the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Match the organ with the appropriate function.
-kidney

Accepted Answer

A)  stores urine until voiding
B)  transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder
C)  organ that forms urine
D)  transports urine from bladder to outside of body
E)  basic functional unit of the kidneyF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Match the term with the appropriate definition.
-renal blood flow

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of blood flowing through kidneys per minute
B)  amount of plasma filtered through filtration membrane
C)  movement of plasma across filtration membrane
D)  movement of substances from filtrate back into blood
E)  non-reabsorbed filtrateF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

Accepted Answer

A)   nephrons.
B)   renal papillae.
C)   renal pyramids.
D)   renal columns.
E)   renal tubes.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 12

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation.
-rids body of excess K+

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration
B)  tubular reabsorption
C)  tubular secretionD) All of the above
E) B) and C) C

Question 13

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)   urea
B)   water
C)   protein
D)   sodium ions
E)   glucoseF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing afferent arteriole constriction.
B)   decreasing urine production.
C)   decreasing renin secretion.
D)   increasing aldosterone secretion.
E)   increasing renin secretionF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 15

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum.
B)   renal fascia.
C)   renal fat pad.
D)   renal capsule.
E)   renal cortex.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

The renal papillae extend into the

Accepted Answer

A)   cortex.
B)   renal columns.
C)   minor calyces.
D)   major calyces.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Accepted Answer

A)   will be actively secreted into the filtrate.
B)   will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells.
C)   will appear in the urine.
D)   will not appear in the urine.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes

Accepted Answer

A)   renin.
B)   ADH.
C)   oxytocin.
D)   aldosterone.
E)   angiotensin.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 19

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption.
B)   a high medullary concentration gradient.
C)   osmosis.
D)   rapid removal of filtrate.
E)   a low medullary concentration gradient.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C) B

Question 20

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1)  renin release when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is high; (2)  renin release when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is low

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
B)  Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
C)  Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.D) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Exam 26: Urinary System

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vasa recta

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the hormone with the function. -renin

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys produce renin when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the organ with the appropriate function. -kidney

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the term with the appropriate definition. -renal blood flow

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the result with the correct part of urine formation. -rids body of excess K+

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The renal papillae extend into the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) renin release when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is high; (2) renin release when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole is low

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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Match the result with the correct part of urine formation. -rids body of excess K⁺

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C

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When macula densa cells experience increased Na⁺ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

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B

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