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Which of the following accurately reflects the thought of Thomas Aquinas?


A) He celebrated the origins of Lombard culture in The Book of Kings.
B) He wrote The City of God,and supported the Council of Nicaea's interpretation of the trinity.
C) He attempted to prove that Christianity was the only religion that fully met the aspirations of all rational human beings.
D) He encouraged the laity at all levels of society to accept responsibility of their sins and confess to local priests.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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What was an effect of Mansa Musa's hajj on the Muslim world?


A) It led Muslim armies to attempt to conquer the gold-rich kingdom of Mali.
B) It created a demand for West African objects of art in Cairo and Alexandria.
C) It demonstrated that West Africa was no longer on the isolated periphery of Muslim lands.
D) It forced other Central African states to submit to Mali.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following accurately describes Francis of Assisi and his followers?


A) They preached that European believers should repent,confess their sins to their local priest,and strive to become better Christians.
B) They confined themselves to monasteries and pressured other religious orders to do likewise.
C) They emulated the scholarship and intellectual life of Thomas Aquinas.
D) They emphasized the commonalities between the Christian,Jewish,and Islamic traditions.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following describes the importance of Timbuktu in the fourteenth century?


A) It was a commercial center in the southern India that was a way station for traveling Buddhist monks.
B) It was a commercial center in southern India that connected Arab and Chinese trade.
C) It was a commercial center in West Africa that was an intellectual center for Muslim scholars.
D) It was a commercial center in West Africa that provided the majority of spices to Arabia and Europe.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a reason that the Song dynasty was unable to completely secure its reign?


A) The Song were unable to control the trade in silk and porcelain.
B) The Song were unable to contain the Annamese military.
C) The Song were unable to control the scholar-gentry.
D) The Song were unable to contain the northern nomadic tribes.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Turkish rulers in India hastened the absorption of Buddhism into Hinduism by which of the following actions?


A) Forcing conversion of all who were not protected as "people of the book"
B) Refusing to permit begging by itinerant Buddhist monks on public roads
C) Depriving Buddhism of local spiritual leaders by destroying large monasteries
D) Excluding Buddhists from the protection of the jizya

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The principal long-term effect of the Christian Crusaders attacks on Jerusalem was to improve the lives of millions of nonwestern Christians who lived in Egypt and Syria.

A) True
B) False

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The Shona-speaking people of East Africa used the wealth they gained from trade with the Arabian Peninsula to build elaborate wooden and brick fortresses.

A) True
B) False

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In the Islamic world circa 1300 CE,which of the following provided unity?


A) Islamic rulers managed to create a unified,centralized state under the authority of the ulama.
B) Turkish invaders conquered the Islamic heartland and provided unity under Sunni rule.
C) The Sufi movement offered a unifying force within Islam,despite disapproval from the clerics.
D) Forced conversion sponsored by Muslim clerics and enforced by Muslim rulers replaced religious diversity within Muslim lands.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following accurately describes commerce in Song ports?


A) State officials registered,examined,and taxed cargo on ships.
B) No foreigners were allowed,and all trade had to be conducted on Chinese ships with Chinese crews.
C) The governor was occupied with matters related to maintaining the city walls and left control of the ports to merchants.
D) Buddhist monasteries took control of trading to ensure fair practices.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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By the tenth century CE,sea routes were becoming more important than land networks for long-distance trade because of improved technology in navigation and ship construction.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following made Song iron production in the eleventh century equal to that of Europe in the eighteenth century?


A) Using sulfur and charcoal in smelting
B) Harnessing water buffalo to bellows
C) Using piston-driven bellows
D) Mastering techniques for controlling explosions and high heat

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Japan oversaw the world's first manufacturing revolution.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following accurately describes the Toltecs of Mesoamerica?


A) They were a distinct ethnic group that moved into Mesoamerica from North America around 1000 CE.
B) They rose to power rapidly because they filled the void left by the decline of the city of Teotihuacán.
C) They developed a distinct culture that was unusual that their cities and architecture were not borrowed from other Mesoamerican peoples.
D) They built a major agricultural empire without developing substantial trade.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following was the most successful Islamic state in India during the thirteenth century?


A) The Delhi Sultanate
B) The Ghazna kingdom
C) The Mughal dynasty
D) The Chola kingdom

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In what ways was Christian Europe changing during the period from 1000 to 1300 CE?


A) Catholicism became a faith for only the peasant population.
B) New religious orders and universities arose,and the number of parish churches increased.
C) Priests instituted widespread witch hunts to eliminate all vestiges of pre-Christian religions.
D) The identity of Christians was being challenged by contact with Muslims in Spain.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Why did the rulers of Kievan Russia reject Western European religious and political models?


A) Western European monarchs repeatedly tried to invade the Russian heartland,creating strong resentment.
B) The invasions of the Norse had alienated Kiev from all things European.
C) Orthodox Christianity spread to Kiev from Constantinople,and Russian trade ties were to the south and east.
D) The Khazars had conquered Kiev,forcing the Russians to convert to Judaism and swear allegiance to the Khazar dual kings.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following helped crystalize a distinct Chinese identity by 1300?


A) Buffer states such as the Khmer protected the Chinese heartland from outside invasion or contacts.
B) Song dynasty printed books established classical Chinese as the common language of the educated classes.
C) Song culture was a joyful mélange of Han and pastoralist traditions,providing everyone with a sense of inclusion.
D) The mandate of heaven provided the Song a belief in their cultural uniqueness,centered on their divine ruler.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is a way that political authorities encouraged maritime commerce?


A) The Fatimid caliphate built lighthouses along the coast of the South China Sea to guide ships to harbor.
B) Song rulers maintained a standing navy to protect traders from pirates.
C) The Mongols protected merchants on the Silk Road.
D) The Delhi Sultanate established a prize for new shipbuilding technology.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following constitutes a reason for the beginning of the Mongol invasions under Chinggis Khan?


A) The need to find new grazing land for their herds,which were growing too quickly for available resources
B) The desire to spread the Mongol religion of the sky god,Tengri,as a universalizing religion
C) The wish to preempt the manufacture of silk cloth in order to break the Korean monopoly
D) The interest in finding the source of the Amur River to control its waters for farming

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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