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Exam 11: Motivating People

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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________ is the link between performance and outcomes in expectancy theory.

A) Valence
B) Instrumentality
C) Expectancy
D) Equity
E) Actualization

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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Pablo's work performance has greatly improved over the course of the past two months, so his boss decided to upgrade his status from that of a temporary employee to that of a permanent employee. This is an example of

A) negative reinforcement.
B) punishment.
C) extinction.
D) glass ceiling.
E) intrinsic reward.

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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Question 53

Multiple Choice

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________ is the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome.

What are stretch goals? List the different types of stretch goals.

________ means that jobs are restructured or redesigned by adding higher levels of responsibility.

Delilah's previous manager every year developed and given her a list of performance goals for the upcoming year, and then proceeded to criticize her for not fully achieving her previous year's goals-goals that he had developed and given to her. And, in fact, Delilah was not always motivated to achieve all of the goals that her previous manager had prescribed for her. But Delilah's new manager was a breath of fresh air. Delilah told her roommate, "My new manager lets me participate in goal-setting for my work and, as a result,

Negative reinforcement involves the threat of punishment by NOT delivering punishment when employees perform satisfactorily.

Providing work-related goals is an extremely effective way to stimulate motivation.

According to ________, characteristics of the workplace termed hygiene factors will not necessarily motivate workers.

Leo, operations manager at QuadFoods Storage, struggled with staffing the "dreaded" night shift, where all new employees were initially assigned. The turnover was high, morale was poor, and performance was dismal. Leo had tried positive reinforcement, offering rewards for punctuality and good work habits; this approach failed. He had also tried the extinction approach, adopting a hands-off approach, also with little success. Finally, he had punished wrongdoers, and that approach also failed to bring about any desired change. If Leo now tries negative reinforcement, what might be a proper approach?

What are the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic rewards? When would you see each of them used?

In the Hackman and Oldham model, ________ is the independence and discretion in making decisions.

According to Herzberg, the key to true job satisfaction and motivation to perform lies in

Nathan exclaimed, "Janet, I just heard that Veronica makes a salary that is three times greater than mine! But I have a house payment and child care expenses that she does not have!" Janet replied, "Nathan, your financial situation is not at all relevant to what our employer pays you. Your compensation reflects your value to the company. Veronica is the vice president of sales. Do you believe that she contributes three times more than you?" Nathan responded, "At least! We wouldn't have jobs without her! Oh, I see what you mean." Nathan came to understand why Veronica made more than he did because Janet reminded him to think in terms of

________ is intended to alleviate boredom by giving people different things to do at different times.

________ is a set of perceptions of what employees owe their employers and what their employers owe employees.

A low need for affiliation and a moderate to high need for power are associated with

Describe the important components of quality of work life (QWL) programs with examples.

Organizational behavior modification primarily attempts to

Discuss the basic concept of the expectancy theory.