Question 1

The predominant extracellular cation is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   bicarbonate
B)   Na+
C)   Cl−
D)   K+
E)   H+F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 2

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ________ than interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   protein
B)   bicarbonate
C)   Cl−
D)   water volume
E)   H+F) C) and D)
G) None of the above A

Question 3

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   liver
B)   kidneys
C)   pancreas
D)   small intestine
E)   large intestineF) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of Na+ lost in the urine ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases
B)   decreases
C)   remains the sameD) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 5

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a/an ________ in H+ ions and a/an ________ in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease; decrease
B)   decrease; increase
C)   increase; increase
D)   increase; decrease
E)   increase; no changeF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Adequate Ca2+ absorption from the GI tract depends on

Accepted Answer

A)   serum K+ levels.
B)   serum calcitonin levels.
C)   adequate amounts of vitamin D.
D)   the osmolality of the extracellular fluid.
E)   adequate amounts of vitamin C.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D) C

Question 7

Which hormone regulates K+ levels, and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aldosterone; increases secretion of K+
B)   Aldosterone; increases reabsorption of K+
C)   ADH; increases secretion of K+
D)   ADH; increases reabsorption of K+
E)   ANH; increases reabsorption of K+F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH production
B)   plasma Na+ levels
C)   renin production
D)   urine production
E)   thirstF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. You would expect

Accepted Answer

A)   your blood osmolality to be low.
B)   an increase in the production of urine.
C)   aldosterone levels to decrease.
D)   ADH levels to increase.
E)   ADH levels to decrease.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ________ in thirst sensations.

Accepted Answer

A)   a temporary interruption
B)   a tremendous increase
C)   an increase in blood osmolarity and an increase
D)   an increase in blood osmolarity and a decreaseE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a/an ________ in the secretion of ADH and a/an ________ in thirst.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase; increase
B)   increase; decrease
C)   decrease; decrease
D)   decrease; increaseE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis
B)   metabolic alkalosis
C)   respiratory acidosis
D)   respiratory alkalosis
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 13

When aldosterone is absent, Na+ reabsorption in the nephron is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   greatly increased
B)   greatly decreased
C)   unchangedD) A) and B)
E) B) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alkalosis - hypokalemia
B)   Cell destruction - hypokalemia
C)   Increased secretion of aldosterone - hyperkalemia
D)   Overuse of diuretics - hyperkalemia
E)   Acidosis - hypokalemiaF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of H+, which of the following will result?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acidosis
B)   Alkalosis
C)   Neither of theseD) All of the above
E) B) and C)

Question 16

Extracellular fluid has a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher protein content than intracellular fluid
B)   higher K+ content than intracellular fluid
C)   higher Na+ content than intracellular fluid
D)   higher Mg2+ content than intracellular fluid
E)   higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluidF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called ________ and is important in ________ control.

Accepted Answer

A)   insensible perspiration; blood volume
B)   insensible perspiration; heat loss
C)   sensible perspiration; blood volume
D)   sensible perspiration; temperatureE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A)   increases thirst.
B)   inhibits ADH.
C)   increases renin secretion.
D)   increases aldosterone secretion.
E)   decreases thirst.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

A major complication of thyroid surgery is the accidental damaging or removal of the parathyroid glands. This damage or removal of the parathyroid glands can result in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased Na2+ retention.
B)   increased plasma volume.
C)   decreased plasma Ca2+.
D)   delayed healing.
E)   increased plasma Ca2+.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diarrhea
B)   Perspiration
C)   Decreased water intake
D)   Decreased urine volume
E)   Increased urine volumeF) A) and B)
G) C) and E) D

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The predominant extracellular cation is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ________ than interstitial fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of Na+ lost in the urine ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a/an ________ in H+ ions and a/an ________ in blood pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adequate Ca2+ absorption from the GI tract depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which hormone regulates K+ levels, and how does it work?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. You would expect

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ________ in thirst sensations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a/an ________ in the secretion of ADH and a/an ________ in thirst.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When aldosterone is absent, Na+ reabsorption in the nephron is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of H+, which of the following will result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extracellular fluid has a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called ________ and is important in ________ control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major complication of thyroid surgery is the accidental damaging or removal of the parathyroid glands. This damage or removal of the parathyroid glands can result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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A

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As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of Na⁺ lost in the urine ________.

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An increase in blood CO₂ levels is followed by a/an in H⁺ ions and a/an in blood pH.

Correct Answer
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Adequate Ca²⁺ absorption from the GI tract depends on

Correct Answer
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C

Which hormone regulates K⁺ levels, and how does it work?

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An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a/an in the secretion of ADH and a/an in thirst.

Correct Answer
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When aldosterone is absent, Na⁺ reabsorption in the nephron is ________.

Correct Answer
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When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of H⁺, which of the following will result?

Correct Answer
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Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called and is important in control.

Correct Answer
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D