Question 1

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
B)   Increase ADH secretion
C)   Decrease aldosterone secretion
D)   Increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone
E)   Increase aldosterone secretionF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ammonia
B)   Bicarbonate ions
C)   Phosphate ions
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Chloride ions

Accepted Answer

A)   are cations.
B)   are found only inside cells.
C)   are part of the DNA molecule.
D)   are regulated with Na+.
E)   are not found in extracellular fluid.F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 4

Robert has an enteropathogenic E. coli infection resulting in severe diarrhea for 2 days. This could produce which of the following:
(1)  Acidosis
(2)  Alkalosis
(3)  Increased respiration
(4)  Decreased respiration
(5)  Increased ADH secretion
(6)  Increased renin secretion
(7)  Increased urine concentration

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 3, 5, 6, 7
B)   2, 4, 5, 6, 7
C)   1, 3, 6
D)   2, 4, 5, 7
E)   1, 4, 5, 7F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

The sensation of thirst results from

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in the plasma volume.
B)   hypertension (increased blood pressure) .
C)   stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus.
D)   a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid.
E)   stimulation of baroreceptors.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Calcium balance is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH and parathyroid hormone levels.
B)   ADH and aldosterone levels.
C)   parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels.
D)   aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels.
E)   insulin and glucagon.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

Which characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)   Presence of channels in the membrane
B)   Presence of lipids in the membrane
C)   Being selectively permeable
D)   High Na+ concentration inside the cellE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasma
B)   Interstitial compartment
C)   Intracellular compartment
D)   Extracellular compartment
E)   CytoplasmF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 9

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Accepted Answer

A)   baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion.
B)   elevated blood pressure stimulates renin secretion.
C)   the amount of angiotensin II formed is increased.
D)   aldosterone levels increase.
E)   baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion.F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

If the H+ concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Accepted Answer

A)   removing excess H+ from the plasma.
B)   releasing H+ into the plasma.
C)   dissociating into H+ and CO3−.
D)   combining with Cl−.
E)   combining with hemoglobin.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning K+ is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   An increase in the extracellular K+ concentration leads to depolarization.
B)   Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule.
C)   When aldosterone levels are high, K+ secretion is low.
D)   Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of K+.
E)   None of the choices are false.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 12

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Accepted Answer

A)   thirst.
B)   vasodilatation.
C)   water movement into the cells.
D)   renal excretion of Na+.
E)   ADH production.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Sensible perspiration

Accepted Answer

A)   contains only water.
B)   is water lost through simple evaporation.
C)   is secreted by the sweat glands.
D)   is invisible on the skin.
E)   is secreted by salivary glands.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The normal pH for blood plasma is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   7.00
B)   7.25 - 7.35
C)   7.35 - 7.45
D)   7.45 - 7.55
E)   6.80 - 7.20F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 15

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   urine volume.
B)   ADH secretion.
C)   aldosterone secretion.
D)   the reabsorption of Na+.
E)   blood volume.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

The primary regulator of plasma Na+ concentration is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   renin
B)   aldosterone
C)   antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)   atrial natriuretic hormone
E)   insulinF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperkalemia
B)   hypercalcemia
C)   hypernatremia
D)   increased urine volume
E)   hyponatremiaF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Wilma's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Accepted Answer

A)   An increase in respiration rate
B)   A decrease in respiration rate
C)   No change in respiration rateD) All of the above
E) A) and C)

Question 19

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis
B)   metabolic alkalosis
C)   respiratory acidosis
D)   respiratory alkalosis
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   skin
B)   kidneys
C)   lungs
D)   GI tract
E)   sweatF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Correct Answer
verified

Chloride ions

Correct Answer
verified

The primary regulator of plasma Na⁺ concentration is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

If the H⁺ concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Correct Answer
verified

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Correct Answer
verified

The sensation of thirst results from

Correct Answer
verified

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Correct Answer
verified

Calcium balance is influenced by

Correct Answer
verified

Sensible perspiration

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements concerning K⁺ is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Wilma's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Correct Answer
verified

Which characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Correct Answer
verified

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The normal pH for blood plasma is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloride ions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary regulator of plasma Na+ concentration is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the H+ concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sensation of thirst results from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium balance is influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sensible perspiration

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning K+ is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wilma's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The normal pH for blood plasma is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The primary regulator of plasma Na⁺ concentration is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

If the H⁺ concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements concerning K⁺ is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified