Question 1

Most of the Ca2+ in the body is in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   bones
B)   plasma
C)   kidneys
D)   GI tract
E)   extracellular fluidF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)   High intake of Na+
B)   Increased aldosterone production
C)   Increased urine output
D)   Decreased aldosterone production
E)   Decreased ADH productionF) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

What roles does phosphate play in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is found in the salts of bone and teeth.
B)   It is an important component of several macromolecules.
C)   It affects neuromuscular activity.
D)   It is part of an important intracellular buffer system.
E)   It affects the action of the sodium-potassium pump.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Regulation of the pH of the intracellular environment.
B)   Regulating pH changes of the blood during exercise.
C)   Regulation of blood pH during elevated fat metabolism.
D)   Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the respiratory system.
E)   Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the kidneys.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of ________ in bone and increases the rate of Ca2+ ________ in the kidney tubules.

Accepted Answer

A)   osteoclast; reabsorption
B)   osteoblast; reabsorption
C)   osteocyte; reabsorption
D)   osteocyte; secretion
E)   osteoblast; secretionF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 6

The major route of excretion for Na+ (under normal conditions)  is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   skin
B)   kidney
C)   GI tract
D)   adrenal cortex
E)   sweatF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease the hematocrit.
B)   decrease ADH production.
C)   increase the blood pressure.
D)   increase the osmolality of body fluids.
E)   decrease the osmolality of body fluids.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Na+
B)   K+
C)   Cl−
D)   phosphate
E)   H+F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   vomiting
B)   increased dietary intake
C)   increased urinary output
D)   cellular injury or death
E)   diarrheaF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasma
B)   Intracellular fluid
C)   Interstitial fluid
D)   LymphE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Acetazolamide (Diamox)  is a diuretic that functions by blocking the activity of carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This slows the formation of carbonic acid, which slows H+ the formation in the cells and Na+ reabsorption at the tubule. This results in the diuretic effect. Select from the following list the possible side-effects of Azetazolamide.
(1)  Acidosis
(2)  Reduced movement of bicarbonate ion into the plasma
(3)  An alkaline urine is produced
(4)  Respiration increases

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 4
B)   2, 3
C)   1, 2, 3
D)   2, 3, 4
E)   1, 2, 3, 4F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 12

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   asphyxia
B)   asthma
C)   severe emphysema
D)   hyperventilation
E)   hypoventilationF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

What is the main role of Mg2+ in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   Muscle contraction
B)   Nerve impulse
C)   Blood clotting
D)   Cofactors for intracellular enzymesE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following substances releases H+ into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acids
B)   Bases
C)   Salts
D)   Glucose
E)   WaterF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 15

The predominant intracellular cation is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   K+
B)   Na+
C)   Ca2+
D)   Mg2+
E)   Cl−F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   increased secretion of H+.
B)   decreased secretion of H+.
C)   no change in secretion of H+.D) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 17

Decreased extracellular K+ levels cause

Accepted Answer

A)   cells to become more excitable.
B)   hyperpolarization of plasma membranes.
C)   more action potentials to be generated.
D)   increased permeability of plasma membranes.
E)   hypopolarization of plasma membranes.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acidosis
B)   pH increases
C)   H+ concentration increases
D)   Carbonic acid levels increase
E)   pH decreasesF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
B)   Arterial baroreceptors
C)   Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D)   Mouth mucosaE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Parathyroid hormone affects the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   bones, heart, and blood
B)   kidney, liver, and spleen
C)   intestine, kidneys, and bone
D)   liver, stomach, and small intestine
E)   stomach, pancreas, and boneF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

What is the main role of Mg²⁺ in the body?

Correct Answer
verified

Most of the Ca²⁺ in the body is in the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Correct Answer
verified

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Correct Answer
verified

Parathyroid hormone affects the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The major route of excretion for Na⁺ (under normal conditions) is the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Correct Answer
verified

What roles does phosphate play in the body?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following substances releases H⁺ into a solution?

Correct Answer
verified

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Correct Answer
verified

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of in bone and increases the rate of Ca²⁺ in the kidney tubules.

Correct Answer
verified

Decreased extracellular K⁺ levels cause

Correct Answer
verified

The predominant intracellular cation is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

What is the main role of Mg2+ in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the Ca2+ in the body is in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parathyroid hormone affects the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major route of excretion for Na+ (under normal conditions) is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What roles does phosphate play in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following substances releases H+ into a solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of ________ in bone and increases the rate of Ca2+ ________ in the kidney tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased extracellular K+ levels cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The predominant intracellular cation is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the main role of Mg²⁺ in the body?

Correct Answer
verified

Most of the Ca²⁺ in the body is in the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The major route of excretion for Na⁺ (under normal conditions) is the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following substances releases H⁺ into a solution?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of in bone and increases the rate of Ca²⁺ in the kidney tubules.

Correct Answer
verified

Decreased extracellular K⁺ levels cause

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified