Question 1

The pores of the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fenestrae
B)   gap junctions
C)   filtration slits
D)   macula densa
E)   membrane channelsF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Accepted Answer

A)   has a higher concentration of waste products (urea)  than the original filtrate.
B)   may have lost up to 99% of its original volume.
C)   is called urine.
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The movement of fluid into Bowman capsule is opposed by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   filtration pressure
B)   capsular hydrostatic pressure
C)   glomerular capillary pressure
D)   osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney
E)   blood pressureF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)   tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport.
B)   tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate.
C)   tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume.
D)   tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary.
E)   tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Which type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transitional epithelium
B)   Stratified squamous epithelium
C)   Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D)   Stratified columnar epitheliumE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Accepted Answer

A)   100 mL
B)   300 mL
C)   400 mL
D)   500 mLE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Accepted Answer

A)   will be actively secreted into the filtrate.
B)   will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells.
C)   will appear in the urine.
D)   will not appear in the urine.
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glomerulus
B)   Arcuate artery
C)   Efferent arteriole
D)   Interlobular artery
E)   Afferent arterioleF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of ________ than the glomerular filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)   urea
B)   water
C)   protein
D)   sodium ions
E)   glucoseF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Aldosterone targets cells in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule
B)   loop of Henle
C)   distal convoluted tubule
D)   glomerulus
E)   collecting ductF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Accepted Answer

A)   water can easily enter or leave.
B)   K+ and Cl− are cotransported with Na+ across the apical membrane.
C)   Ca2+ are actively transported across the basal membrane.
D)   K+ is concentrated in the filtrate.
E)   the filtrate does not change.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning solute movement in the loop of Henle is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only Na+ diffuses from the descending limb.
B)   Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb.
C)   Na+ and Cl− ions are actively transported into the vasa recta.
D)   The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through.
E)   Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 13

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   Potassium
B)   Sodium chloride
C)   Hydrogen ions
D)   Urea
E)   WaterF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   nephrons
B)   renal papillae
C)   renal pyramids
D)   renal columns
E)   renal tubesF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus
B)   ascending loop of Henle
C)   distal convoluted tubule
D)   proximal convoluted tubule
E)   descending loop of HenleF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A)   is a potent vasodilator.
B)   stimulates aldosterone secretion.
C)   is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin.
D)   acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water.
E)   decreases blood pressure.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Insulin and glucose
B)   Inulin and creatinine
C)   Sodium and water
D)   Albumin and inulin
E)   Insulin and ureaF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

A countercurrent mechanism is in

Accepted Answer

A)   the afferent and efferent arterioles.
B)   the glomerulus and Bowman capsule.
C)   the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
D)   the loop of Henle only.
E)   both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased renin secretion.
B)   decreased ADH secretion.
C)   suppression of thirst.
D)   stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
E)   decreased renin secretion.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

The tip of each renal pyramid is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   nephron
B)   renal papilla
C)   renal column
D)   medullary rayE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Exam 26: Urinary System

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

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In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

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Angiotensin II

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Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

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The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the ________.

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The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

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How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A countercurrent mechanism is in

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Which of the following statements concerning solute movement in the loop of Henle is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tip of each renal pyramid is called a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pores of the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone targets cells in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of ________ than the glomerular filtrate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The movement of fluid into Bowman capsule is opposed by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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