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Exam 20: Hybrid Financing

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Question 31

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Preferred stock typically has a par value, and the dividend is often stated as a percentage of par. The par value is also important in the event of liquidation, as the preferred stockholders are generally entitled to receive the par value before anything is given to the common stockholders.

A) True
B) False

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Question 32

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A convertible debenture can never sell for more than its conversion value or less than its bond value.

A) True
B) False

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Question 33

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Which of the following statements is most CORRECT?

Bev's Beverages is negotiating a lease on a new piece of equipment that would cost $80,000 if purchased. The equipment falls into the MACRS 3-year class, and it would be used for 3 years and then sold, because the firm plans to move to a new facility at that time. The estimated value of the equipment after 3 years is $25,000. A maintenance contract on the equipment would cost $2,500 per year, payable at the beginning of each year. Alternatively, the firm could lease the equipment for 3 years for a lease payment of $23,000 per year, payable at the beginning of each year. The lease would include maintenance. The firm is in the 20% tax bracket, and it could obtain a 3-year simple interest loan, interest payable at the end of the year, to purchase the equipment at a before-tax cost of 8%. If there is a positive Net Advantage to Leasing the firm will lease the equipment. Otherwise, it will buy it. What is the NAL? (Note: MACRS rates for Years 1 to 4 are 0.33, 0.45, 0.15, and 0.07.)

The owner of a convertible bond owns, in effect, both a bond and a call option.

Its investment bankers have told Donner Corporation that it can issue a 25-year, 8.1% annual payment bond at par. They also stated that the company can sell an issue of annual payment preferred stock to corporate investors who are in the 40% tax bracket. The corporate investors require an after-tax return on the preferred that exceeds their after-tax return on the bonds by 1.0%, which would represent an after-tax risk premium. What coupon rate must be set on the preferred in order to issue it at par?

Unlike bonds, the cost of preferred stock to the issuing firm is the same on a before-tax and after-tax basis. This is because dividends on preferred stock are not tax deductible, whereas interest on bonds is deductible.

Ballentine Inc., which has a zero tax rate due to tax loss carry-forwards, is considering a 6-year, $5,000,000 bank loan in order to buy a new piece of equipment. The loan will be amortized over 6 years with end-of-year payments and has an interest rate of 9%. Alternatively, Ballentine can also lease the equipment for an end-of-year payment of $1,250,000. By how much does the lease payment exceed the loan payment?

Corporations that invest surplus funds in floating-rate preferred stock benefit from getting a relatively stable price, and they also benefit from the 70% tax exemption on preferred dividends received.

Preferred stock can provide a financing alternative for some firms when market conditions are such that they cannot issue either pure debt or common stock at any reasonable cost.

Curry Corporation is setting the terms on a new issue of bonds with warrants. The bonds will have a 30-year maturity and annual interest payments. Each bond will come with 20 warrants that give the holder the right to purchase one share of stock per warrant. The investment bankers estimate that each warrant will have a value of $10.00. A similar straight-debt issue would require a 10% coupon. What coupon rate should be set on the bonds-with-warrants so that the package would sell for $1,000?

What is the bond's straight-debt value at the time of issue?

Which of the following statements is most CORRECT?

The problem of dilution of stockholders' earnings never results from the sale of call options, but it can arise if warrants are used.

Heavy use of off-balance-sheet lease financing will tend to

Warren Corporation's stock sells for $42 per share. The company wants to sell some 20-year, annual interest, $1,000 par value bonds. Each bond would have 75 warrants attached to it, each exercisable into one share of stock at an exercise price of $47. The firm's straight bonds yield 10%. Each warrant is expected to have a market value of $2.00 given that the stock sells for $42. What coupon interest rate must the company set on the bonds in order to sell the bonds-with-warrants at par?

Valdes Enterprises is considering issuing a 10-year convertible bond that would be priced at its $1,000 par value. The bonds would have an 8.00% annual coupon, and each bond could be converted into 20 shares of common stock. The required rate of return on an otherwise similar nonconvertible bond is 10.00%. The stock currently sells for $40.00 a share, has an expected dividend in the coming year of $2.00, and has an expected constant growth rate of 5.00%. What is the estimated floor price of the convertible at the end of Year 4?

Curran Contracting is issuing new 25-year bonds that have warrants attached. If not for the attached warrants, the bonds would carry an 11% annual interest rate. However, with the warrants attached the bonds will pay an 8% annual coupon. There are 30 warrants attached to each bond, which have a par value of $1,000. What is the implied value of each warrant?

Emerson Electrical Engineering Inc. is issuing new 20-year bonds that have warrants attached. If not for the attached warrants, the bonds would carry an 11% interest rate. However, with the warrants attached the bonds will pay a 9% annual coupon. There are 25 warrants attached to each bond, which have a par value of $1,000. The exercise price of the warrants is $25.00 and the expected stock price 10 years from now (when the warrants may be exercised) is $50.77. What is the investor's expected overall pre-tax rate of return for this bond-with-warrants issue?

Assume that a piece of leased equipment has a relatively high expected residual value. From the lessee's viewpoint, it might be better to own the asset rather than lease it because with a high residual value the lessee will likely face a higher lease rate.