Question 1

The composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Accepted Answer

A)   potassium mainly intracellular; sodium mainly in extracellular.
B)   sodium mainly intracellular; potassium mainly in extracellular.
C)   little of either intracellular but large amounts of both extracellular.
D)   equal amounts of both ions, in both intracellular and extracellular fluids.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

When blood pH decreases, which of the following occurs to correct the imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A)   The respiratory center increases the breathing rate.
B)   The respiratory center decreases the breathing rate.
C)   Less carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs.
D)   More carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs.
E)   The carbonic acid/bicarbonate equation is driven to the right.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause

Accepted Answer

A)   water to move out of the cells.
B)   water to move into the cells.
C)   no change in the net movement of water into or out of the cells.D) A) and C)
E) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Accepted Answer

A)   acidosis
B)   pH increases
C)   H+ ion concentration increases
D)   carbonic acid levels increase
E)   pH decreasesF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 6

In which of the following situations does one see large volumes of dilute urine produced?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH levels decrease
B)   renin levels increase
C)   aldosterone levels increase
D)   parathyroid hormone levels decrease
E)   ADH levels increaseF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)   alkalosis - hypokalemia
B)   cell destruction - hypokalemia
C)   increased secretion of aldosterone - hyperkalemia
D)   overuse of diuretics - hyperkalemia
E)   acidosis - hypokalemiaF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
B)   arterial baroreceptors
C)   juxtaglomerular apparatus
D)   mouth mucosaE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

Accepted Answer

A)   buffers.
B)   inhibitors.
C)   accelerators.
D)   activators.
E)   stabilizers.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result?

Accepted Answer

A)   acidosis
B)   alkalosis
C)   neither of theseD) None of the above
E) A) and C)

Question 11

As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Accepted Answer

A)   increases.
B)   decreases.
C)   remains the same.D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 12

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Accepted Answer

A)   baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion.
B)   elevated blood pressure stimulates renin secretion.
C)   the amount of angiotensin II formed is increased.
D)   aldosterone levels increase.
E)   baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion.F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 13

Edema can occur when there is

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in the amount of plasma proteins.
B)   a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins.
C)   a decrease in blood pressure.
D)   a blockage of the lymphatics.
E)   an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

What cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasma membrane
B)   Cell wall
C)   Endoplasmic reticulum
D)   Ribosomes
E)   NucleusF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Accepted Answer

A)   cells to become more excitable.
B)   hyperpolarization of cell membranes.
C)   more action potentials to be generated.
D)   increased permeability of cell membranes.
E)   hypopolarization of cell membranes.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   asphyxia.
B)   asthma.
C)   severe emphysema.
D)   hyperventilation.
E)   hypoventilation.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Serum electrolyte concentrations are most often expressed as

Accepted Answer

A)   mg %.
B)   mmHg.
C)   mg/dl.
D)   mEq/L.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

Sodium homeostasis leads to the homeostasis of ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   chloride
B)   hydrogen
C)   calcium
D)   potassium
E)   magnesiumF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Accepted Answer

A)   3-year-old male
B)   15-year-old male
C)   35-year-old male
D)   35-year-old female
E)   50-year-old maleF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 20

The predominant intracellular cation is

Accepted Answer

A)   potassium.
B)   sodium.
C)   calcium.
D)   magnesium.
E)   chloride.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When blood pH decreases, which of the following occurs to correct the imbalance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The predominant intracellular cation is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the rate of sweat production increases, the amount of sodium lost in the urine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory alkalosis can occur as a result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following situations does one see large volumes of dilute urine produced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serum electrolyte concentrations are most often expressed as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium homeostasis leads to the homeostasis of ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edema can occur when there is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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