Question 1

Long bones grow in length at the

Accepted Answer

A)   endosteum-periosteum junction.
B)   articular cartilage.
C)   center of the shaft.
D)   center of the epiphysis.
E)   epiphyseal plate.F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth.
B)   In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes.
C)   Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
D)   Bones can not grow by appositional growth.
E)   Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is

Accepted Answer

A)   osteocartilage.
B)   elastic cartilage.
C)   hyaline cartilage.
D)   interstitial cartilage.
E)   fibrocartilage.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 4

What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

A)   articular cartilage
B)   fibrocartilage
C)   cancellous bone
D)   elastic cartilage
E)   periosteumF) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   long bone.
B)   flat bone.
C)   short bone.
D)   irregular bone.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "C"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Calcium is lost in urine.
B)   PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast.
C)   Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption.
D)   Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts.
E)   PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

The compression (weight-bearing)  strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)   hydroxyapatite crystals.
B)   collagenase.
C)   collagen fibers.
D)   elastin fibers.
E)   bone marrow.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 8

What is the type of ossification that forms the flat bones of the skull?

Accepted Answer

A)   intramembranous ossification
B)   endochondral ossificationC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 9

Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone

Accepted Answer

A)   in the epiphyseal plate of long bones.
B)   in the secondary ossification center of the epiphyses.
C)   on the surface of the bone.
D)   on cancellous, but not compact bone.
E)   in interstitial areas.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.

Accepted Answer

A)   diaphysis
B)   epiphyseal line
C)   articular surface
D)   epiphysis
E)   growth plateF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 11

This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "B"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Calcium is lost in urine.
B)   Calcium is removed from blood by osteoblasts.
C)   PTH promotes calcium reabsorption from urine.
D)   Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption.
E)   PTH promotes calcium release into blood by osteoclast.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Intramembranous ossification

Accepted Answer

A)   occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells.
B)   forms the bones of the roof of the skull.
C)   occurs on the outer surface of the membrane.
D)   is the process that produces most of the skeletal system.
E)   occurs when bones develop from cartilage models.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
B)   Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
C)   Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
D)   Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.
E)   Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

Cartilage

Accepted Answer

A)   is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum.
B)   is composed of osteons.
C)   is well vascularized.
D)   contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.
E)   does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 15

Osteomyelitis causes destruction of bone tissue primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)   promoting inflammation and overstimulation of osteoclast activity.
B)   inhibiting bone marrow production of osteoclasts.
C)   suppressing the production of RANKL by osteoblasts.
D)   stimulating apoptosis in osteoclast cells.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

Osteoporosis is

Accepted Answer

A)   bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection.
B)   a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion.
C)   a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development.
D)   a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix.
E)   a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Spongy bone tissue

Accepted Answer

A)   contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.
B)   is very dense.
C)   contains concentric lamellae.
D)   is the primary component of compact bone.
E)   has many spaces and lacks osteocytes.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

What does structure "C" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)   epiphysis
B)   epiphyseal lines
C)   cancellous bone
D)   articular cartilage
E)   diaphysisF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)   osteoclast
B)   fibroblast
C)   osteocyte
D)   chondroclast
E)   chondroblastF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

Accepted Answer

A)   bone matrix.
B)   blood.
C)   fibrous cartilage.
D)   hyaline cartilage.
E)   ligaments.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Long bones grow in length at the

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What is the type of ossification that forms the flat bones of the skull?

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The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n)

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Spongy bone tissue

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Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

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What does structure "C" represent on the bone diagram?

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Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

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Cartilage

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What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

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Osteoporosis is

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The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of

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Intramembranous ossification

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An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.

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Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of

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Osteomyelitis causes destruction of bone tissue primarily by

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This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "C"?

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The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is

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Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

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Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone

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This is a diagram of calcium homeostasis. What process is represented by "B"?

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