Question 1

How was salinity measured before the use of salinometers?

Accepted Answer

A)   Silver nitrate was used to measure the chlorinity
B)   The mass of the salts were measured after water was evaporated
C)   The conversion of sodium levels to salinity based on equations
D)   Measure of conductivityE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carbon dioxide does not heavily impact pH levels.
B)   The pH levels increase in these regions.
C)   The pH levels decrease in these regions.
D)   The seawater is able to buffer enough that there is no change.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C) C

Question 3

Which essential gas is often in an unusable form in the ocean and atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nitrogen
B)   Oxygen
C)   Carbon dioxide
D)   MethaneE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

How do salinometers measure salinity?

Accepted Answer

A)   It measures the number of salt molecules in a set mass of seawater.
B)   It calculates the salinity based on the density of the seawater.
C)   It measures the electrical conductivity of seawater samples.
D)   It calculates the salinity by measuring the chlorinity.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

What factor allows for the carbon present in sediments to re-enter back into atmospheric and oceanic cycles?

Accepted Answer

A)   Geological uplift
B)   Acid rain
C)   Sediments dissolving
D)   All of these choicesE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Water circulating through rifts and ridges gets altered by coming into contact with the fresh crust, stripping the water of magnesium and other elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the difference between major constituents, minor constituents, and trace elements? What are some examples of each?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between major constituents,...

Question 8

The addition of salts derived from the mantle and weathering rocks are unable to balance the amount of minerals being bound in the sediments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Residence times are dependent upon steady-state conditions and a well-mixed ocean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)   The decay of the remains of organisms
B)   It diffuses from the atmosphere
C)   Chemical reactions
D)   Plant respirationE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

A higher level of pH is associated with more hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 12

Which item is not considered to have a basic pH?

Accepted Answer

A)   Seawater
B)   Black coffee
C)   Household ammonia
D)   Baking sodaE) A) and B)
F) B) and C) B

Question 13

Long residence times are generally associated with elements that are considered to be nonconservative constituents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the Forchhammer's principle?

Accepted Answer

A)   The saturation level of seawater
B)   The constant proportion of solids in seawater
C)   The components of seawater from weathering surface rocks
D)   The measure of the total mass of halogen ionsE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which element would be surprisingly considered a trace element in the ocean despite its abundance in the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sodium
B)   Calcium
C)   Chloride
D)   NitrogenE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Why is the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater much less than the theoretical maximum saturation level?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carbon dioxide is very soluble in water.
B)   Carbon dioxide is able to form a weak acid when combined with seawater.
C)   Carbon dioxide is quickly used by photosynthetic organisms.
D)   Carbon dioxide moves quickly from the atmosphere to the ocean.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

What is the approximate mixing time of the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)   160 years
B)   1,600 years
C)   16,000 years
D)   1.6 million yearsE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

What is the general behavior of pH in seawater? What affect can pH levels at various depths?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the general behavior of pH...

Question 19

Carbon dioxide is abundant near the surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Sodium and chloride are considered are considered to be nonconservative constituents which have long residence times in the ocean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Ocean Chemistry

How was salinity measured before the use of salinometers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which essential gas is often in an unusable form in the ocean and atmosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do salinometers measure salinity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor allows for the carbon present in sediments to re-enter back into atmospheric and oceanic cycles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water circulating through rifts and ridges gets altered by coming into contact with the fresh crust, stripping the water of magnesium and other elements.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between major constituents, minor constituents, and trace elements? What are some examples of each?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The addition of salts derived from the mantle and weathering rocks are unable to balance the amount of minerals being bound in the sediments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Residence times are dependent upon steady-state conditions and a well-mixed ocean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the ocean?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A higher level of pH is associated with more hydrogen ions.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Which item is not considered to have a basic pH?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Long residence times are generally associated with elements that are considered to be nonconservative constituents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the Forchhammer's principle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which element would be surprisingly considered a trace element in the ocean despite its abundance in the atmosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater much less than the theoretical maximum saturation level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the approximate mixing time of the ocean?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the general behavior of pH in seawater? What affect can pH levels at various depths?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carbon dioxide is abundant near the surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium and chloride are considered are considered to be nonconservative constituents which have long residence times in the ocean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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False

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B

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