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Going Green has begun to offer its employees the option of buying stock in the company as a benefit because they do not offer a retirement package. What employee behavior will Going Green most likely see?


A) The employees will draw in more clients to receive an increase.
B) The employees will seek further education to make smarter investment decisions.
C) The employees will perform to get a larger share of the profit.
D) The employees will work hard to make the stock rise, so they can buy more at a cheaper price.
E) The employees will produce more to get paid more.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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To achieve psychological growth, according to the self-determination theory, people need to satisfy the three innate needs: ________, autonomy, and competence.


A) affiliation
B) power
C) relatedness
D) pay
E) safety

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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After struggling with the accounting training, Aaron is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Aaron is low on the ________ element of expectancy theory.


A) valence
B) outcomes
C) expectancy
D) instrumentality
E) performance

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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This question contains several parts; be sure to answer each. First, define and explain the four types of reinforcement, including their effect on behavior. Next, imagine that you manage several hundred flight attendants as a flight services manager for a major airline. You have been receiving too many complaints about flight attendants being rude to passengers. In what ways might you use positive reinforcement to improve the situation? How might you use punishment?

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Reinforcement is anything that causes a ...

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The HR manager told Stella that the company pays the total health insurance costs for a family of four. As a single woman, this benefit did not seem especially important to her right now. Here, Stella is low on the ________ element of expectancy theory.


A) expectancy
B) instrumentality
C) valence
D) outcomes
E) significance

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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According to goal-setting theory, goal setting helps motivate you by doing all the following EXCEPT


A) directing your attention.
B) increasing your persistence.
C) fostering the use of strategies and action plans.
D) regulating the effort expended.
E) taking attention away from real work.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following is NOT a contingency factor in the job characteristics model?


A) autonomy
B) knowledge
C) skills
D) desire for personal growth
E) context satisfactions

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Why is self-management an important skill to have? How can you improve your own self-management skills?

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Self-management entails more than just c...

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A sales commission is an example of a ________ compensation plan.


A) pay-for-knowledge
B) profit-sharing
C) gainsharing
D) pay-for-performance
E) Scanlon

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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In equity theory, employees are motivated to


A) resolve feelings of injustice and see fairness in the rewards they expect for task performance.
B) work harder when they have more freedom.
C) correct themselves when they aren't working hard enough.
D) blame others when they miss work or fail at tasks.
E) work just hard enough to get what they want.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Simplified, repetitive jobs lead to job dissatisfaction, poor mental health, and a low sense of accomplishment and personal growth.

A) True
B) False

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Discuss how you would use McClelland's acquired needs theory to motivate employees.

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McClelland focused on three needs: power...

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Job ________ is the opposite of ________.


A) rotation; job focus
B) rotation; job enlargement
C) loading; job enrichment
D) enlargement; job enrichment
E) enlargement; scientific management

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Imagine that you are the front-end manager of a supermarket. You manage all the cashiers, baggers, and the customer-service desk. Recognizing that each of these jobs is repetitive without much variety, you want to enrich each job to increase employee engagement and satisfaction. How might you enrich the jobs you manage?

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Job enrichment consists of building into...

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A technician who is responsible for keeping an airport's control tower's electronic equipment in working order has higher ________ than a person welcoming you at a hotel.


A) task significance
B) autonomy
C) skill variety
D) feedback
E) task identity

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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________ is the extent to which a job allows an employee to make decisions about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them.


A) Horizontal loading
B) Skill variety
C) Autonomy
D) Task significance
E) Task identity

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Amazon recently announced that they were raising the minimum wage for all employees to $15 to address the low-wages of its employees. Amazon


A) is giving employees an opportunity to appeal decisions that affect their welfare.
B) understands that employees have a voice in decisions that affect them.
C) knows that employees' perception of equity is what counts.
D) is exhibiting strong leadership behavior.
E) is paying attention to the climate for justice.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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________ is the process of building into a job such motivating factors as recognition and achievement.


A) Vertical loading
B) Job enrichment
C) Job satisfaction
D) Job enlargement
E) Horizontal loading

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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McClelland's need for achievement corresponds most closely to


A) Maslow's self-actualization needs.
B) Herzberg's hygiene factors.
C) equity theory.
D) Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory.
E) expectancy theory.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Armando has a summer job hand-dyeing shirts that will be sold on the boardwalk. He is paid $5.00 per shirt. Armando is being paid on a ________ compensation plan.


A) profit-sharing
B) pay-for-knowledge
C) bonus
D) pay-for-performance
E) gainsharing

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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