Question 1

Signal molecule receptors exhibit

Accepted Answer

A)   specificity only.
B)   competition only.
C)   saturation only.
D)   competition and saturation only.
E)   specificity, competition, and saturation.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

If the signal molecule acts on the cell that secreted it, the chemical is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the signal molecule acts on the...

Question 3

Second messenger molecules directly

Accepted Answer

A)   change the regulation of ion channels.
B)   increase intracellular calcium concentration.
C)   change enzyme activity.
D)   change regulation of gene expression.
E)   All of the answers are correct.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 4

________ are molecules that bind to the receptor in such a way that they block the normal ligand from binding and turning the receptor on.As a result, the signal pathway remains inactive.

Accepted Answer

Antagonist...

Question 5

Nobel Prizes were awarded to the discoverers of G proteins, the G protein-coupled adenylyl cyclase-cAMP system, and nitric oxide.Summarize each of these, and explain the importance of these discoveries to our understanding of signal pathways.

Accepted Answer

G proteins are coupled to hundreds of di...

Question 6

Diacylglycerol is produced from

Accepted Answer

A)   cyclic AMP.
B)   phospholipase C.
C)   a G protein.
D)   protein kinase A.
E)   phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 7

Match the term with its description:
-receives information about the regulated variable and initiates a response

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold
B)  effector
C)  integrating center
D)  setpoint
E)  sensory receptorF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

The intracellular effector in chemical signaling is often

Accepted Answer

A)   a hormone.
B)   a membrane receptor molecule.
C)   ATP.
D)   a protein kinase.
E)   cholesterol.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

In your own words restate and explain Cannon's four postulates for maintaining homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

This is discussed in...

Question 10

Compare and contrast neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine reflex pathways.

Accepted Answer

See Table ...

Question 11

Briefly explain the effects of the hormone insulin on glucose transport.What is diabetes mellitus? How are types I and II different? Why do insulin injections help alleviate one type but not the other?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes glucose transport into ...

Question 12

Most long-distance communication between cells takes place through the ________ and ________ systems with their combination of chemical and electrical signals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most long-distance communication between cells takes place...

Question 13

________ is a process by which an extracellular signal molecule, called the ________, activates a membrane receptor that in turn alters intracellular molecules, called the ________, to create a response.

Accepted Answer

Signal transduction,...

Question 14

The most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will bind to is

Accepted Answer

A)   the lipid solubility of the ligand.
B)   the size of the ligand.
C)   the size of the receptor molecule.
D)   the location of the receptor molecule.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Explain how epinephrine can cause intestinal blood vessels to constrict and cause skeletal muscle blood vessels to dilate.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine can bind to differ...

Question 16

One intracellular calcium-binding protein is

Accepted Answer

A)   calmodulin.
B)   calcitonin.
C)   calcitriol.
D)   IP₃.
E)   nitric oxide.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following are considered differences between endocrine and neural control systems?

Accepted Answer

A)   specificity
B)   nature of the signal
C)   speed
D)   duration of action
E)   All of the answers are correct.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Describe the signal molecule derivatives of arachidonic acid.

Accepted Answer

Leukotrienes are secreted by certain typ...

Question 19

Before nitric oxide was identified, its action was observed in ________ and it was given the name ________.

Accepted Answer

endothelial cells (b...

Question 20

Homeostatic control that takes place at the tissue or cell by using paracrine or autocrine signals is called

Accepted Answer

A)   local control.
B)   reflex control.
C)   Cannon's law.
D)   down-regulation.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 6: Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

If the signal molecule acts on the cell that secreted it, the chemical is called a(n)________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how epinephrine can cause intestinal blood vessels to constrict and cause skeletal muscle blood vessels to dilate.

Correct AnswerverifiedEpinephrine can bind to differ...View AnswerShow Answer

The most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will bind to is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nobel Prizes were awarded to the discoverers of G proteins, the G protein-coupled adenylyl cyclase-cAMP system, and nitric oxide.Summarize each of these, and explain the importance of these discoveries to our understanding of signal pathways.

Correct AnswerverifiedG proteins are coupled to hundreds of di...View AnswerShow Answer

Compare and contrast neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine reflex pathways.

Correct AnswerverifiedSee Table ...View AnswerShow Answer

Homeostatic control that takes place at the tissue or cell by using paracrine or autocrine signals is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Second messenger molecules directly

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diacylglycerol is produced from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most long-distance communication between cells takes place through the ________ and ________ systems with their combination of chemical and electrical signals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Signal molecule receptors exhibit

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Before nitric oxide was identified, its action was observed in ________ and it was given the name ________.

Correct Answerverifiedendothelial cells (b...View AnswerShow Answer

One intracellular calcium-binding protein is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In your own words restate and explain Cannon's four postulates for maintaining homeostasis.

Correct AnswerverifiedThis is discussed in...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe the signal molecule derivatives of arachidonic acid.

Correct AnswerverifiedLeukotrienes are secreted by certain typ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following are considered differences between endocrine and neural control systems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is a process by which an extracellular signal molecule, called the ________, activates a membrane receptor that in turn alters intracellular molecules, called the ________, to create a response.

Correct AnswerverifiedSignal transduction,...View AnswerShow Answer

________ are molecules that bind to the receptor in such a way that they block the normal ligand from binding and turning the receptor on.As a result, the signal pathway remains inactive.

Correct AnswerverifiedAntagonist...View AnswerShow Answer

The intracellular effector in chemical signaling is often

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly explain the effects of the hormone insulin on glucose transport.What is diabetes mellitus? How are types I and II different? Why do insulin injections help alleviate one type but not the other?

Correct AnswerverifiedInsulin promotes glucose transport into ...View AnswerShow Answer

Match the term with its description: -receives information about the regulated variable and initiates a response

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Epinephrine can bind to differ...
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Correct Answer
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G proteins are coupled to hundreds of di...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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See Table ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Most long-distance communication between cells takes place through the and systems with their combination of chemical and electrical signals.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Before nitric oxide was identified, its action was observed in and it was given the name .

Correct Answer
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endothelial cells (b...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
This is discussed in...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Leukotrienes are secreted by certain typ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

is a process by which an extracellular signal molecule, called the , activates a membrane receptor that in turn alters intracellular molecules, called the , to create a response.

Correct Answer
verified
Signal transduction,...
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Correct Answer
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Antagonist...
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Insulin promotes glucose transport into ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified