Question 1

The primary difference between the prezygotic barriers and postzygotic barriers involved in reproductive isolation is that prezygotic barriers

Accepted Answer

A)  are related to gametes and postzygotic barriers are related to gametes and to behaviors after birth.
B)  occur in species that undergo only asexual reproduction, whereas postzygotic barriers occur in species that undergo sexual reproduction.
C)  occur in species undergoing allopatric speciation, whereas postzygotic barriers occur in species undergoing sympatric speciation.
D)  prevent fertilization from occurring, whereas postzygotic barriers prevent offspring from developing or being reproductively successful.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Sympatric speciation can occur in the absence of geographic isolation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The formation of a new species

Accepted Answer

A)  can occur slowly or rapidly.
B)  takes at least 1 million years.
C)  is evolutionarily insignificant.
D)  never happens.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

____________________ speciation occurs when a new species arises in the absence of geographic isolation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ speciation occurs when a new species...

Question 5

The observation that the flowers of this orchid resemble female wasps is an example of a complex adaptation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Every year, environmental signals in Africa cause flycatchers to return to the Netherlands to breed. When they arrive, they depend on freshly hatched caterpillars for food. Global climate change has caused the caterpillars to hatch earlier in the Netherlands, but the environmental cues in Africa remain the same. Now, when the flycatchers return to the Netherlands the caterpillars are no longer available as a food source. Which of the following is likely to happen to this species of flycatcher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flycatchers will adapt to environmental change because alleles that cause flycatchers to recognize earlier environmental signals in Africa will increase in frequency in flycatcher populations.
B)  Flycatchers will adapt to environmental change because alleles that aid flycatchers in utilizing other food sources (besides caterpillars)  will increase in frequency in flycatcher populations.
C)  Flycatchers will not adapt to environmental change because their population does not have alleles that aid in survival under these conditions.
D)  All of the above are possible scenarios.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Before the cultivation of the apple tree, apple maggot flies laid their eggs exclusively on the fruit of Hawthorne trees. As apple orchards became more prominent, apple maggot flies began to lay their eggs on both the fruit of the Hawthorne tree and the fruit of cultivated apple trees. Now, apple maggot flies that live on apple trees mate and lay their eggs at different times of the year than apple maggot flies that live on Hawthorne trees. Is this an example of reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; these two fly populations exhibit a postzygotic barrier that prevents hybrid individuals from developing properly.
B)  No; although these two fly populations do not mate in nature, they can be forced to mate in a laboratory because their DNA sequences are still the same.
C)  No; this is an example of speciation rather than reproductive isolation.
D)  Yes; these two fly populations exhibit a behavioral prezygotic barrier that prevents their gametes from encountering each other.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Polyploidy can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  a high rate of gene flow between populations.
B)  geographic isolation.
C)  fewer chromosomes.
D)  reproductive isolation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The death of zygotes produced by the mating of individuals of two different populations is an example of how ____________________ barriers can lead to reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The death of zygotes produced by the...

Question 10

Some species of orchids attract wasps to assist them in reproduction by producing flowers that look like female wasps. The flowers fool male wasps into attempting to mate with them. As a result, the wasp is covered with pollen that it takes with it to the next flower it attempts to mate with. This example shows adaptive evolution by

Accepted Answer

A)  the orchids.
B)  the wasps.
C)  all flowering plants.
D)  ancestral wasps.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

A ____________________ species may exist when an organism's range loops around a geographic barrier. Neighboring populations in the range mate, but populations on opposite sides of the barrier cannot mate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ____________________ species may exist when an...

Question 12

____________________ barriers cause speciation to occur by preventing fertilization when two individuals of different populations attempt to mate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ barriers cause speciation to occur by...

Question 13

In many predator-prey relationships, evolutionary change in the prey will result in evolutionary change in the predator, a phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A)  polyploidy.
B)  allopatrism.
C)  coevolution.
D)  sympatric speciation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Populations of weaver ants work together to "sew" leaves into a living nest that acts as a protective shelter for the entire population. The nest-building behavior of weaver ants

Accepted Answer

A)  illustrates that the ants can consciously plan their nests.
B)  represents a complex behavioral adaptation.
C)  shows that these ants can get along without interacting with other species.
D)  illustrates that adaptive evolution is goal oriented.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Polyploidy can lead to very rapid speciation in plants because

Accepted Answer

A)  polyploidy increases the amount of gene flow between polyploid plants and nonpolyploid plants.
B)  the DNA sequences of essential genes are altered to such a degree that the polyploid plant can no longer mate with the original species.
C)  the gametes of polyploid plants have too many chromosomes and cannot fuse to the gametes of the original species.
D)  when a plant becomes polyploid, it often loses the ability to make gametes of any type.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Evidence suggests that Neandertals and humans are the same species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Some species, like the gray oak and the Gambel oak, hybridize to create fertile offspring, but remain phenotypically distinct as shown by the leaves in the image below. As a result, they are considered different species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Speciation can occur when populations of a species are separated by a physical barrier becoming ____________________ isolated and subsequently reproductively isolated from one another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Speciation can occur when populations of a...

Question 19

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation, the factors that promote these differences

Accepted Answer

A)  must operate in populations that are not physically separated.
B)  must have a greater effect than does the amount of ongoing gene flow.
C)  need to be combined with the forces of genetic drift.
D)  should include polyploidy.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following does not provide an example of geographic isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two populations live in two valleys on opposite sides of a mountain range.
B)  Two populations live on different mountains with a valley between them.
C)  Two populations live on opposite sides of a river.
D)  Two populations live in different parts of a small lake.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 19: Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The death of zygotes produced by the mating of individuals of two different populations is an example of how ____________________ barriers can lead to reproductive isolation.

Correct Answer
verified

Populations of weaver ants work together to "sew" leaves into a living nest that acts as a protective shelter for the entire population. The nest-building behavior of weaver ants

Correct Answer
verified

____________________ barriers cause speciation to occur by preventing fertilization when two individuals of different populations attempt to mate.

Correct Answer
verified

The formation of a new species

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Sympatric speciation can occur in the absence of geographic isolation.

Correct Answer
verified

The primary difference between the prezygotic barriers and postzygotic barriers involved in reproductive isolation is that prezygotic barriers

Correct Answer
verified

Polyploidy can lead to

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following does not provide an example of geographic isolation?

Correct Answer
verified

A ____________________ species may exist when an organism's range loops around a geographic barrier. Neighboring populations in the range mate, but populations on opposite sides of the barrier cannot mate.

Correct Answer
verified

Evidence suggests that Neandertals and humans are the same species.

Correct Answer
verified

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation, the factors that promote these differences

Correct Answer
verified

The observation that the flowers of this orchid resemble female wasps is an example of a complex adaptation.

Correct Answer
verified

In many predator-prey relationships, evolutionary change in the prey will result in evolutionary change in the predator, a phenomenon known as

Correct Answer
verified

Polyploidy can lead to very rapid speciation in plants because

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

____________________ speciation occurs when a new species arises in the absence of geographic isolation.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Some species, like the gray oak and the Gambel oak, hybridize to create fertile offspring, but remain phenotypically distinct as shown by the leaves in the image below. As a result, they are considered different species.

Correct Answer
verified

Speciation can occur when populations of a species are separated by a physical barrier becoming ____________________ isolated and subsequently reproductively isolated from one another.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 19: Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The death of zygotes produced by the mating of individuals of two different populations is an example of how ____________________ barriers can lead to reproductive isolation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Populations of weaver ants work together to "sew" leaves into a living nest that acts as a protective shelter for the entire population. The nest-building behavior of weaver ants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________________ barriers cause speciation to occur by preventing fertilization when two individuals of different populations attempt to mate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The formation of a new species

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympatric speciation can occur in the absence of geographic isolation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary difference between the prezygotic barriers and postzygotic barriers involved in reproductive isolation is that prezygotic barriers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Polyploidy can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not provide an example of geographic isolation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ____________________ species may exist when an organism's range loops around a geographic barrier. Neighboring populations in the range mate, but populations on opposite sides of the barrier cannot mate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence suggests that Neandertals and humans are the same species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For two populations to accumulate enough genetic differences to cause speciation, the factors that promote these differences

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The observation that the flowers of this orchid resemble female wasps is an example of a complex adaptation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In many predator-prey relationships, evolutionary change in the prey will result in evolutionary change in the predator, a phenomenon known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Polyploidy can lead to very rapid speciation in plants because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________________ speciation occurs when a new species arises in the absence of geographic isolation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some species, like the gray oak and the Gambel oak, hybridize to create fertile offspring, but remain phenotypically distinct as shown by the leaves in the image below. As a result, they are considered different species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Speciation can occur when populations of a species are separated by a physical barrier becoming ____________________ isolated and subsequently reproductively isolated from one another.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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