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When a firm sells a product in a foreign country below its domestic price or below its actual cost,the practice is referred to as


A) loss-leader pricing.
B) surplus marketing.
C) dumping.
D) second-market pricing.
E) entrepreneurial pricing.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Figure 7-4 Figure 7-4    -Once a company has decided to enter the global marketplace,it must select a means of market entry.All of the following are the general options except which? A) licensing B) exporting C) direct investment D) joint venture E) cooperative -Once a company has decided to enter the global marketplace,it must select a means of market entry.All of the following are the general options except which?


A) licensing
B) exporting
C) direct investment
D) joint venture
E) cooperative

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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The North American Free Trade Agreement was designed to encourage free trade between


A) North America,Central America,and South America.
B) the United States and the European Union.
C) member countries originally from NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) .
D) the United States,Canada,and Mexico.
E) the United States,Canada,and the United Kingdom.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Consumer ethnocentrism refers to


A) the belief that all products that are foreign made are cheap and of poor quality.
B) the belief that one should only purchase products made by indigenous groups in developing countries.
C) the belief that all corporations are corrupt and consumers must look out for themselves.
D) the tendency to believe that the only products that are of true quality are those that are manufactured in one's own country.
E) the tendency to believe it is inappropriate,even immoral,to purchase foreign-made products.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Figure 7-4 Figure 7-4    -According to Figure 7-4 above,points A and D would most likely represent ________ and ________ options,respectively,for entering the global marketplace. A) joint venture and licensing B) licensing and exporting C) licensing and joint venture D) direct investment and licensing E) exporting and direct investment -According to Figure 7-4 above,points A and D would most likely represent ________ and ________ options,respectively,for entering the global marketplace.


A) joint venture and licensing
B) licensing and exporting
C) licensing and joint venture
D) direct investment and licensing
E) exporting and direct investment

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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Government taxes on products or services entering a country that primarily serve to raise prices on imports are referred to as


A) tariffs.
B) quotas.
C) WTO taxes.
D) foreign excise taxes.
E) trade subsidies.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Figure 7-5 Figure 7-5    -Global companies have five strategies for matching products and their promotion efforts to global markets.According to Figure 7-5 above,E refers to which type of strategy? A) product extension strategy B) product adaptation strategy C) dual adaptation strategy D) product invention strategy E) communication adaptation strategy -Global companies have five strategies for matching products and their promotion efforts to global markets.According to Figure 7-5 above,E refers to which type of strategy?


A) product extension strategy
B) product adaptation strategy
C) dual adaptation strategy
D) product invention strategy
E) communication adaptation strategy

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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In Japan,Japanese women give Japanese men chocolates on Valentine's Day.This is an example of a(n)


A) custom.
B) value.
C) demographic pattern.
D) belief.
E) idiosyncrasy.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Global marketing is affected by economic considerations.Identify the three steps that should be performed when scanning the global marketplace.

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A scan of the global marketplace should ...

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The U.S.Commerce Department imposed additional duties of 31 percent to 250 percent on imported photovoltaic products from Chinese solar manufacturers after ruling that they sold them below cost.The Commerce Department took this action in response to what it saw as


A) tariff avoidance.
B) countertrade.
C) surplus marketing.
D) underbidding.
E) dumping.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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If your primary motive was to raise prices on imports,would you use tariffs or quotas? Why would you want to do this?

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If your primary motive was to raise pric...

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The world's largest manufacturer of peppermint candy canes was located in Albany,Georgia,until it could no longer afford to buy the sugar needed for its operation.It moved its manufacturing business to Mexico where there are no restrictions (like those that exist in the United States) on the amount of sugar that can be brought into the nation.The business moved to Mexico because of a(n) ________ established by the U.S.government.


A) tariff
B) trade imbalance
C) excise tax
D) subsidy
E) quota

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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In addition to about 11,000 other trade regulations that specify how goods are to be made and marketed,Japanese car safety rules effectively require all automobile replacement parts to be Japanese.Rules like these often function as


A) economic infrastructure.
B) trade barriers.
C) universal codes.
D) binding requirements.
E) targets for bribery.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A gray market is


A) the segment of products specifically designed for the need of older buyers.
B) a once active and powerful market that is rapidly becoming the bottom of the barrel.
C) a situation where products are sold through unauthorized channels of distribution.
D) a pricing structure that is based upon haggling that is considered acceptable in some countries but not others.
E) the willingness of one party to accept gifts in exchange for better prices or price allowances.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following examples best demonstrates a company's appreciation of another country's values?


A) American companies in Germany encourage the use of all types of credit cards.
B) In Brazil,American companies are extremely careful to keep to a strict agenda and time schedule,even though an informal structure is preferred.
C) Bath products are advertised by portraying intimate scenes between husbands and wives in countries where personal privacy is important.
D) McDonald's restaurants in India sell the Maharaja Mac rather than beef products.
E) Vogue Italia published a feature with a model wearing "slave earrings," which it said were "worn by women of color during the slave trade."

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Figure 7-5 Figure 7-5    -Black & Decker developed the Snake Light flexible flashlight.Created to address a global need for portable lighting,the product became a best seller in North America,Europe,Latin America,and Australia.This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy? A) product extension B) product customization C) product adaptation D) product invention E) product integration -Black & Decker developed the Snake Light flexible flashlight.Created to address a global need for portable lighting,the product became a best seller in North America,Europe,Latin America,and Australia.This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy?


A) product extension
B) product customization
C) product adaptation
D) product invention
E) product integration

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Volvo of North America delivered automobiles to the Siberian police force when Siberia had no cash to pay for them.It accepted payment in oil,which it then sold for cash to pay for media advertising in the United States.This transaction is an example of


A) a quota.
B) countertrade.
C) balance of trade.
D) competitive advantage.
E) a trade feedback effect.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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What is meant by the term economic infrastructure and how can this affect a firm's plans to enter a global market?

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Economic infrastructure is a country's c...

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Which of the following statements regarding global brands is most accurate?


A) A global brand has centrally coordinated marketing programs.
B) A global brand is marketed under different names but uses identical ads for all markets.
C) A global brand alters the product formulation or service for each geographical region.
D) A global brand delivers varying benefits based on the GDP of each country.
E) A global brand is a collaborative effort among several different transnational firms.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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Explain the difference between dumping and parallel importing.

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Dumping refers to a firm selling a produ...

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