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In the late 1950s,Pierre Martineau described ________ as "the way in which the store is defined in the shopper's mind."


A) size
B) location
C) product mix
D) image
E) anchor store

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Wholesalers that simply solicit orders from retailers and other wholesalers and have the merchandise shipped directly from a producer to a buyer are referred to as


A) cash and carry wholesalers.
B) rack jobbers.
C) drop shippers.
D) truck jobbers.
E) manufacturer's representatives.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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An off-price retailer that requires customers to purchase an annual membership card for the privilege of shopping at the store is referred to as a(n)


A)  outlet store.
B)  single-price retailer.
C)  hypermarket.
D)  warehouse club.
E)  supercenter.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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General merchandise wholesalers


A) carry a broad assortment of merchandise and perform all channel functions.
B) own the merchandise they sell but do not physically handle,stock,or deliver it.
C) have a small warehouse from which they stock their trucks for distribution to retailers.
D) work for several producers,carry noncompetitive,complementary merchandise in an exclusive territory,and use over-the-road transportation for all product deliveries.
E) deal exclusively with small low-cost consumer products that are distributed to a select number of large retail chains.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Jim Smith is an avid fly fisherman and he needs large rubber rafts,hip waders,special fishing rods,reels,line,and an assortment of fishing tackle and lures.There are no sporting goods stores near him so Jim orders his fishing supplies from the L.L.Bean catalog.His supplies are generally delivered to his home within 72 hours.Jim is using a ________ to satisfy his fishing supply needs.


A) home delivery retailer
B) quick-response retailer
C) direct-mail marketer
D) flexible response marketer
E) regional marketer

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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________ can benefit retailers by helping them to predict shopping behavior,provide personalized,real-time messaging and promotions,and track customer needs.


A) Data analytics
B) Brokers
C) Telemarketing
D) Multichannel retailing
E) Shopper marketing

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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A group of 50 to 150 stores that typically attract customers who live or work within a 5- to 10-mile range,often containing two or three anchor stores,is referred to as a(n)


A)  power center.
B)  regional shopping center.
C)  strip mall.
D)  central business district.
E)  urban megacenter.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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The greatest dollar amount of retail sales in the United States is generated by


A) food and beverage stores.
B) sporting goods,hobby,book,and music stores.
C) electronic stores.
D) motor vehicle and parts dealers.
E) furniture and home furnishing stores.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Bakery items,dairy products,and meat that are sold for cash in their original packages are traditionally sold by which type of wholesaler?


A) rack jobbers
B) drop shippers
C) cash and carry wholesalers
D) truck jobbers
E) general merchandise wholesalers

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Many supermarkets have in-store restaurants where a customer can buy prepared meals to take home or eat there.Supermarkets and restaurants that provide these same kinds of meals are engaged in ________ competition.


A) intertype
B) institutional
C) intermodal
D) functional
E) selective

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements regarding corporate chains is most accurate?


A) Corporate chains cannot bargain with a manufacturer to obtain product volume discounts due to federal anticompetitive legislation-the Clayton Act as amended by the Sherman Act.
B) Corporate chains generally own most if not all of their suppliers-a practice known as forward integration-so they can save distribution costs.
C) Consumers have fewer choices in merchandise since all buying decisions are made by a decentralized buying committee.
D) Corporate chains offer the least benefit to consumers since they are the farthest removed from the ultimate consumer.
E) Corporate chains are multiple outlets under common ownership.

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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One of the biggest problems online retailers face is that nearly ________ percent of online shoppers make it to "checkout" and then leave the website to compare shipping costs and prices on other sites.


A) 16
B) 26
C) 36
D) 56
E) 66

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Your local Hallmark retailer carries thousands of greeting cards.You can find cards for a twin birthday,graduation,from my cat to yours,and many other unique occasions.This is an example of the ________ that the Hallmark retailer carries.


A) depth of product line
B) breadth of product line
C) height of product line
D) length of product line
E) width of product line

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Sales per square foot is calculated by dividing


A) profit margin by selling area in square feet.
B) gross profit by selling area in square feet.
C) total sales by selling area in square feet.
D) return on investment by selling area in square feet.
E) net sales by selling area in square feet.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Many retailers take a markdown as soon as sales fall to free valuable selling space and cash.This illustrates one tactic for handling the ________ of markdowns.


A) timing
B) demand
C) availability
D) bargain hunting
E) customer value

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Which type of utility is created by online shopping?


A) time
B) price
C) product
D) process
E) promotion

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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A financial indicator used to compare the change in sales of stores that have been open for the same period of time is referred to as


A) return on investment.
B) percentage of markup.
C) gross profit.
D) sales per square foot.
E) same-store sales growth.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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A cluster of neighborhood stores,whose composition is typically unplanned and serves people who are within a 5- to 10-minute drive is referred to as a


A) suburban shopping mall.
B) strip mall.
C) mini-mart.
D) hypermarket.
E) central business district.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Combining the convenient location of a strip mall with the influential draw of national stores and a grocery store results in shopping areas known as ________ that brings shoppers on a weekly basis.


A) suburban malls.
B) warehouse malls.
C) power centers.
D) retail malls.
E) cluster malls.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following stores are most likely to be anchor stores at a regional shopping center?


A) Old Navy,Abercrombie & Fitch,and Sephora
B) Hickory Farms,a locally owned jewelry store,and McDonald's
C) an antique store,Dollar General,and a bakery
D) Dick's Sporting Goods,Macy's,and JCPenney
E) a Hallmark shop,a sporting goods consignment store,and a Barnes & Noble bookstore

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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