Question 1

A dye (with small, water-soluble particles) is injected into the renal artery and blood is then pumped artificially. A glomerulus and surrounding structures are then inspected for dye. Which structures and substances will contain dye?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent arteriole only
B)  Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, and efferent arteriole only
C)  Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, efferent arteriole, urine, and lymph
D)  Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, and urine onlyE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Accepted Answer

A)  person controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter.
B)  sympathetic impulses stimulating the internal urethral sphincter.
C)  relaxation of the external urethral sphincter.
D)  voluntary contractions or inhibition of the prostate gland.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased blood pressure
B)  Increased blood pressure
C)  A constricted afferent arteriole
D)  A dilated efferent arterioleE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 5

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
B)  Renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
C)  Calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder
D)  Renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethraE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid byproducts.
B)  calcium oxalate.
C)  cholesterol.
D)  magnesium phosphate.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An adaptation of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule for reabsorption is

Accepted Answer

A)  thin walls.
B)  rugae folds that increase surface area.
C)  secreting enzymes that activate absorption of substances.
D)  microscopic projections called microvilli.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

You are dissecting a kidney in class and, after cutting a sagittal section through the kidney, decide to remove some of the lighter-colored inner structures near the superior end of the ureter. You remove a funnel-shaped sac that connects directly into the ureter, along with many tubes that converge to form the funnel-shaped sac. Which structures have you removed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The renal medulla and renal pyramids
B)  The renal pelvis and the calyces
C)  The renal cortex and the renal medulla
D)  The adrenal glandsE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

An antibiotic is circulating through the blood when it passes through the kidneys. Only a miniscule amount of it passes through the glomerular capillary and enters the glomerular filtrate, but when its presence in the urine is measured, it has been almost completely excreted! How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  During the process of reabsorption, flow of water across the tubular membrane into the peritubular capillary passively encourages the antibiotic to cross the opposite way.
B)  Stimulation from nerves causes the efferent arteriole to constrict and force the antibiotic through the glomerular capillary into the filtrate.
C)  The antibiotic is actively transported into the proximal tubule during tubular secretion.
D)  Sodium ions crossing into the blood of the peritubular capillary increases osmotic pressure and forces the antibiotic into the proximal tubule.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 11

The efferent arteriole is stimulated to vasoconstrict. What effect will this have on glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular filtration will be encouraged.
B)  Glomerular filtration will be discouraged.
C)  Glomerular filtration will stop.
D)  Less water and electrolytes will pass from the capillaries into the capsule.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Liam is a bodybuilder and frequently consumes protein powder as part of his fitness regimen. Lenny is on the Zone diet and carefully watches how much protein he eats, making sure to limit his intake. Which person will have more urea in their urine?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liam is a bodybuilder and frequently consumes...

Question 13

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased GFR
B)  Renal tubules become encased in fat
C)  Fibrous connective tissue accumulates around the kidney capsule
D)  Nephrons invertE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

One concern with certain antibiotics is how quickly they are excreted via active transport in tubular secretion. Would you expect an older individual to have this same problem with antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  No. After a certain age, active transport of drugs and other substances completely stops.
B)  No. During the process of aging, tubular functions like secretion become less efficient, so antibiotics will stay in the system longer than usual.
C)  Yes. Aging doesn't really affect tubular secretion as much as it affects the other functions of the kidneys.
D)  Yes. Aging causes renal processing to become unusually fast, with many substances being excessively excreted.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Choose the glomerular filtrate list that would indicate an improperly functioning glomerular filtration system.

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphate, potassium, sodium, water
B)  Uric acid, creatinine, phosphate, sodium
C)  Water, large proteins, glucose, potassium
D)  Glucose, amino acids, creatine, urea, bicarbonateE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ________ the rate of glomerular filtration.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases
B)  decreases
C)  does not change
D)  has a variable effect onE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

A renal corpuscle is a ________, whereas a renal tubule is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule
B)  special blood cell in the kidneys; tubule that leads from the kidneys to the bladder
C)  storage area for urine; tubule that carries urine from the urinary bladder outside
D)  glandular structure that regulates blood pressure; blood vessel that regulates the flow of blood into the glomerulusE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The glomerular capsule is composed of two layers of squamous epithelial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 19

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid.
B)  urea.
C)  ammonia.
D)  water.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Nephrons whose corpuscles are near the renal medulla are called ________.

Accepted Answer

juxtamedul...

Exam 20: Urinary System

A dye (with small, water-soluble particles) is injected into the renal artery and blood is then pumped artificially. A glomerulus and surrounding structures are then inspected for dye. Which structures and substances will contain dye?

Correct Answer
verified

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?

Correct Answer
verified

Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter.

Correct Answer
verified
True

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

Correct Answer
verified

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

Correct Answer
verified

Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition.

Correct Answer
verified

An adaptation of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule for reabsorption is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An antibiotic is circulating through the blood when it passes through the kidneys. Only a miniscule amount of it passes through the glomerular capillary and enters the glomerular filtrate, but when its presence in the urine is measured, it has been almost completely excreted! How is this possible?

Correct Answer
verified
C

The efferent arteriole is stimulated to vasoconstrict. What effect will this have on glomerular filtration?

Correct Answer
verified

Liam is a bodybuilder and frequently consumes protein powder as part of his fitness regimen. Lenny is on the Zone diet and carefully watches how much protein he eats, making sure to limit his intake. Which person will have more urea in their urine?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

Correct Answer
verified

One concern with certain antibiotics is how quickly they are excreted via active transport in tubular secretion. Would you expect an older individual to have this same problem with antibiotics?

Correct Answer
verified

Choose the glomerular filtrate list that would indicate an improperly functioning glomerular filtration system.

Correct Answer
verified

An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ________ the rate of glomerular filtration.

Correct Answer
verified

A renal corpuscle is a , whereas a renal tubule is a .

Correct Answer
verified

The glomerular capsule is composed of two layers of squamous epithelial cells.

Correct Answer
verified
True

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is

Correct Answer
verified

Nephrons whose corpuscles are near the renal medulla are called ________.

Correct Answer
verified
juxtamedul...
View Answer

Exam 20: Urinary System

A dye (with small, water-soluble particles) is injected into the renal artery and blood is then pumped artificially. A glomerulus and surrounding structures are then inspected for dye. Which structures and substances will contain dye?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An adaptation of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule for reabsorption is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An antibiotic is circulating through the blood when it passes through the kidneys. Only a miniscule amount of it passes through the glomerular capillary and enters the glomerular filtrate, but when its presence in the urine is measured, it has been almost completely excreted! How is this possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The efferent arteriole is stimulated to vasoconstrict. What effect will this have on glomerular filtration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Liam is a bodybuilder and frequently consumes protein powder as part of his fitness regimen. Lenny is on the Zone diet and carefully watches how much protein he eats, making sure to limit his intake. Which person will have more urea in their urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One concern with certain antibiotics is how quickly they are excreted via active transport in tubular secretion. Would you expect an older individual to have this same problem with antibiotics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the glomerular filtrate list that would indicate an improperly functioning glomerular filtration system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ________ the rate of glomerular filtration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A renal corpuscle is a ________, whereas a renal tubule is a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The glomerular capsule is composed of two layers of squamous epithelial cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nephrons whose corpuscles are near the renal medulla are called ________.

Correct Answerverifiedjuxtamedul...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
True

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A renal corpuscle is a , whereas a renal tubule is a .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
True

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
juxtamedul...
View Answer