Question 1

The volume of urine produced is regulated mainly by the activity in the distal convoluted tubule and the _____ duct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The volume of urine produced is regulated...

Question 2

Arterial blood with a pH above 7.45 produces _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arterial blood with a pH above 7.45...

Question 3

Thirst is triggered when total body water decreases by as little as

Accepted Answer

A)   1%.
B)   10%.
C)   25%.
D)   58%E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Acid-base buffers are the first line of defense against shifts in pH because

Accepted Answer

A)   they occur closest to the skin.
B)   they are slow and prolonged.
C)   they occur in everyone.
D)   they are fast.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above D

Question 5

Which of the following is a physiological buffer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bicarbonate buffer
B)   Phosphate buffer
C)   Protein buffer
D)   Renal mechanismE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following metabolic processes releases hydrogen ions to body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anaerobic respiration of glucose
B)   Aerobic respiration of glucose
C)   Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
D)   All of the aboveE) None of the above
F) B) and C) D

Question 7

Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes in

Accepted Answer

A)   the cerebrospinal fluid.
B)   the aqueous and vitreous humors of the eyes.
C)   the synovial fluid of the joints.
D)   all of the above.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

When sodium ions are reabsorbed in response to the action of aldosterone, potassium ions are

Accepted Answer

A)   actively reabsorbed.
B)   passively reabsorbed.
C)   secreted.
D)   reabsorbed.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Extracellular fluids have relatively

Accepted Answer

A)   high sodium and low potassium ion concentrations.
B)   high sodium and high potassium ion concentrations.
C)   low sodium and low potassium ion concentrations.
D)   low sodium and high potassium ion concentrations.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate reabsorption from the renal tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Normally, fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries as a result of active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The kidneys help to regulate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids by altering the rate at which hydrogen ions are secreted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Sometimes the carboxyl groups of proteins release hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 14

Hypernatremia

Accepted Answer

A)   can be caused by high fever.
B)   can be caused by low levels of ADH.
C)   causes confusion, stupor, and coma.
D)   is all of the above.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which is the largest compartment of extracellular water?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasma
B)   Lymph
C)   Interstitial fluid
D)   Transcellular fluidE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Hyperventilation leads to

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female has

Accepted Answer

A)   more water and more adipose tissue.
B)   more water and less adipose tissue.
C)   less water and more adipose tissue.
D)   less water and less adipose tissue.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

The thirst mechanism is usually not triggered until the volume of the body water has been decreased by 5-10%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The intracellular fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes enclosed by a _____ _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The intracellular fluid compartment includes all water...

Question 20

Alkalosis is a pH of arterial blood

Accepted Answer

A)   below 7.35
B)   above 7.35
C)   below 7.45
D)   above 7.45E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 21: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

The volume of urine produced is regulated mainly by the activity in the distal convoluted tubule and the _____ duct.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arterial blood with a pH above 7.45 produces _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thirst is triggered when total body water decreases by as little as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acid-base buffers are the first line of defense against shifts in pH because

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following is a physiological buffer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following metabolic processes releases hydrogen ions to body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When sodium ions are reabsorbed in response to the action of aldosterone, potassium ions are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extracellular fluids have relatively

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate reabsorption from the renal tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normally, fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries as a result of active transport.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys help to regulate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids by altering the rate at which hydrogen ions are secreted.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sometimes the carboxyl groups of proteins release hydrogen ions.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Hypernatremia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the largest compartment of extracellular water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperventilation leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The thirst mechanism is usually not triggered until the volume of the body water has been decreased by 5-10%.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The intracellular fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes enclosed by a _____ _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alkalosis is a pH of arterial blood

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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D

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True

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The intracellular fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes enclosed by a _ _.

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