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The subcutaneous layer is


A) made of squamous epithelium.
B) part of the basement membrane.
C) between the epidermis and the dermis.
D) not part of the skin.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by


A) radiation.
B) evaporation.
C) conduction.
D) convection.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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D

After a severe burn, new skin may grow outwards from the hair follicles. New growth begins here because


A) the hair follicles are very resistant to fire and heat.
B) a person has many hair follicles.
C) a hair follicle contains stem cells in the bulb region.
D) the hair follicles are located in the subcutaneous layer.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The nail plate is produced by


A) bone cells.
B) fibroblasts.
C) melanocytes.
D) specialized epithelial cells.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Cutaneous melanomas are associated with


A) short exposure to high-intensity sunlight.
B) prolonged exposure to low-intensity sunlight.
C) occasional exposure to X-rays.
D) exposure to background radiation.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Sebaceous glands secrete


A) fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum.
B) hormones.
C) sweat in the armpits.
D) mucus.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called


A) subcutaneous.
B) intradermal.
C) intramuscular.
D) hypodermic.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Aging affects the appearance of the skin, producing wrinkles and sagging due to decreased collagen and elastin formation.

A) True
B) False

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The arrector pili muscle is attached to


A) the nail bed.
B) a sebaceous gland.
C) the hypodermis.
D) a hair follicle.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much


A) collagen.
B) carotene.
C) cyanin.
D) melanin.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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When showering, a young woman loses what looks like many hundreds of hairs. She should not be concerned about impending baldness.

A) True
B) False

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In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin cells.

A) True
B) False

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In the inherited disease ichythyosis, the skin is rough, brown, and very scaly because the uppermost layer cannot peel off as easily as skin normally does. The part of the skin that is affected is the


A) epidermis.
B) basement membrane.
C) dermis.
D) subcutaneous layer.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Gray hair is


A) caused by a pigment, pseudomelanin.
B) a mixture of red and brown hairs.
C) a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented hairs.
D) a form of albinism.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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C

Two or more types of tissue functioning together constitute a(n) ___________.

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Sweating cools the body by evaporation.

A) True
B) False

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True

The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale and the innermost layer is the stratum corneum.

A) True
B) False

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The flexible proteins that link the cell membranes of squamous epithelial cells in skin are


A) cadherins.
B) collagens.
C) cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) .
D) keratins.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The tough layer of waterproof material that makes up the outermost part of the epidermis is the stratum lucidum.

A) True
B) False

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Which is the most likely explanation for the defect in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, in which the skin blisters in response to any touch?


A) The skin has too many melanocytes that produce too much melanin.
B) Melanocytes cannot produce melanin.
C) Collagen fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis break down.
D) The skin layers are reversed.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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