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Martha is interviewing some candidates for a job opening.She is looking at their _____, which refers to a person's character traits that influence behavioural responses.


A) motivation
B) self-actualization
C) personality
D) perception

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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For products such as table salt and milk, consumers spend considerable effort seeking external information and evaluating alternatives.

A) True
B) False

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Information search includes memories of personal experience and casual inquiries with friends.

A) True
B) False

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If a global fast-food chain starts a vegetarian restaurant to sell its products in a region where vegetarianism is high, the fast-food chain is considering the region's values.

A) True
B) False

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The anxiety felt because the consumer cannot anticipate the outcomes of a purchase but believes there may be a negative consequence is referred to as _____.


A) a negative antecedent
B) perceived risk
C) temporal uncertainty
D) spatial uncertainty

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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_____ is the process by which people acquire the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to function as consumers.


A) Consumer acclamation
B) Consumer socialization
C) Consumer enculturation
D) Purchasing socialization

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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_____ is the energizing force that stimulates behaviour to satisfy a need.


A) Self-actualization
B) Antecedent state
C) Motivation
D) Cognitive dissonance

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Healthy Foods Ltd.introduces a new line of cereals, which will help in weight loss.The company uses a well-known model to endorse the cereal under the slogan "Stay slim, stay beautiful." Heather, who has been committed to losing weight, sees the advertisement on television.She immediately visits a grocery store to buy the cereal.Which of the following concepts have marketers of Healthy Foods focused on?


A) self-concept
B) self-actualization needs
C) self-evaluation
D) individualized perception

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Jamie decides to buy a laptop for himself.He inquires about different brands from his friends who already have laptops.He also puts up his hunt for the "right laptop" on Facebook, expecting reviews from friends who own laptops.Isaac, Jamie's friend who owned a particular laptop, told Jamie that the laptop had excellent features, and it was one of his best investments.He analyzes the responses and decides to buy the laptop Isaac has. Which of the following has influenced Jamie's choice?


A) psychological influences
B) market influences
C) socio-cultural influences
D) situational influences

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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The purchase decision process begins with information search and ends once the consumer has made a purchase.

A) True
B) False

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_____ occurs when a response brought about by one stimulus is made applicable to another stimulus.


A) Stimulus discrimination
B) Stimulus generalization
C) Reinforcement
D) Behavioural learning

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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What does lifestyle mean and why is it important to marketers?

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Lifestyle is a way of living that is ide...

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Values can be defined as what is considered normal and expected about the way people do things in a specific country or culture.

A) True
B) False

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How do selective perception, selective exposure, selective comprehension, and selective retention differ? Provide an example to illustrate each.

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Students' examples may vary.
The human b...

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Temporal effects include the consumer's mood or the amount of cash on hand, which can influence purchase behaviour and choice.

A) True
B) False

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Charlie needs to purchase an automobile to drive to his new office in the suburbs.He begins to notice many car ads he had not noticed previously.This is an example of _____.


A) selective exposure
B) subliminal perception
C) retention
D) tuning out

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The set of values, ideas and attitudes that are learned and shared by members of a group are called


A) Learning
B) Culture
C) Attitudes
D) Customs

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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_____ is the way people see themselves and the way they believe others see them.


A) Self-evaluation
B) Self-concept
C) Self-actualization
D) Individualized perception

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an example of an internal search?


A) A buyer who checks out her favourite brand of hair dryer in a local store before ordering it by mail.
B) A customer searching the Internet for reviews on a high-end hair-straightening gadget.
C) A store trying to maximize the sale of its own in-house brand shampoo.
D) A consumer trying to recall the effect of a particular brand of conditioner when she had used it last.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Christina wants to purchase a new computer.She is unsure about what hardware and software she will need.As a result, she has begun asking for advice from friends and relatives.In addition, she has talked to several computer salespeople and has looked at some websites.Christina is engaging in _____.


A) problem recognition
B) an internal search
C) an external search
D) a purchase task

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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