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A price reduction given when a used product is part of the payment on a new product is referred to as a


A) cash discount.
B) seasonal discount.
C) trade-in allowance.
D) promotional allowance.
E) subsidy discount.

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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Elastic demand exists when


A) a small percentage decrease in price produces a smaller percentage increase in quantity demanded.
B) a small percentage decrease in price produces a larger percentage increase in quantity demanded.
C) an increase in price causes a larger increase in quantity demanded.
D) the quantity demanded remains the same regardless of level of price.
E) no change in price produces a small percentage change in quantity demanded.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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A construction company was offered a 3 percent reduction in price off all invoices from a lumberyard for paying within 10 days of issue.The lumberyard was offering a


A) trade discount.
B) cash discount.
C) promotional allowance.
D) rebate.
E) flexible price.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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A one-price policy refers to


A) setting different prices for products and services in real time in response to supply and demand conditions.
B) setting the price of an entire line of products at a single specific pricing point.
C) simultaneously setting prices for all items in a product line to cover the total cost and produce a profit for the complete line, not necessarily for each item.
D) adding a fixed percentage to the cost of all items in a specific product class.
E) setting one price for all buyers of a product or service.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Summing the total unit cost of providing a product or service and adding a specific amount to the cost to arrive at a price is referred to as


A) standard markup pricing.
B) experience curve pricing.
C) cost-plus pricing.
D) product-line pricing.
E) target return-on-investment pricing.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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The unit variable cost (UVC) equals variable cost (VC) divided by


A) quantity (Q) .
B) fixed costs (FC) .
C) total cost (TC) .
D) total revenue (TR) .
E) price per unit of the product (P) .

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Describe the pricing constraints a firm is likely to face.

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Pricing constraints are factors that lim...

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If the CEO of the Clorox Co.were to say,"We want to control 60 percent of the bleach market within the next five years," he would have set a __________ pricing objective.


A) profit
B) sales
C) unit volume
D) market share
E) social responsibility

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following is a cost-oriented approach to pricing?


A) cost-plus pricing
B) skimming pricing
C) prestige pricing
D) loss-leader pricing
E) bundle pricing

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Creative marketers engage in value-pricing,which is the practice of simultaneously increasing product and service benefits while


A) increasing costs.
B) increasing price.
C) increasing advertising.
D) decreasing costs.
E) maintaining or decreasing price.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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According to the textbook,clothing manufacturer Christian Dior and retailer Neiman Marcus use __________ pricing.


A) above-market
B) at-market
C) below-market
D) prestige
E) everyday low

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Price deals that mislead consumers fall into the category of


A) predatory pricing.
B) deceptive pricing.
C) price discrimination.
D) caveat emptor.
E) resale price maintenance.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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A break-even chart is a graphic presentation


A) that shows the maximum number of units that will be sold at a certain price.
B) of a break-even analysis that shows where total revenue and total cost intersect to identify profit or loss for a given quantity sold.
C) that relates variable costs in terms of product or service substitutes in order to determine which items or services would least affect total revenues.
D) that relates profits and revenues versus total costs in order to determine the time frame in which a company could achieve profitability.
E) is a form of scatter graph used to identify specific activities or items that are creating the greatest return on investment.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Creative Quilts Studio sells hundreds of colors and types of fabric and thread.To price its inventory,the owners add 50 percent to the cost of each bolt of fabric and every spool of thread.What is this pricing approach called?


A) target return-on-sales pricing
B) flexible pricing
C) cost-plus pricing
D) standard markup pricing
E) customary pricing

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Susan O'Rourke hired an attorney to represent her in a court case involving an auto accident.The attorney charged O'Rourke a $2,000 retainer fee for her services.Terry Thomas needed a haircut; the local stylist charged him $12 for his services.Aaron Mathison mowed his neighbor's lawn; in exchange,the neighbor repaired Mathison's gutters.The attorney fees paid by O'Rourke,the $12 charged by the hair stylist,and the exchange of lawn mowing for gutter repair are all examples of


A) premiums.
B) barter.
C) the profit motive.
D) price.
E) outlays.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Reductions in unit costs for a larger order are referred to as


A) promotional allowances.
B) economic order discounts.
C) penetration pricing.
D) quantity discounts.
E) case allowances.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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When Kroger,a national supermarket chain,uses a special promotion to price a six-pack of soda at .09 (which is below its customary price level of ) 29) ,it is attempting to


A) drive its competition out of business.
B) attract customers in hopes they will buy other products as well.
C) fill its parking lot so its store will look successful.
D) work with the local bottler to move products that are close to their expiration dates.
E) help stimulate the local economy and generate good will with its customers.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The __________ of a product is what customers are generally willing to pay.


A) customary price
B) asking price
C) target price
D) discount price
E) market price

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Dynamic price policy refers to


A) setting the price of a line of products at a number of different specific pricing points.
B) setting the prices for all items in a product line to cover the total cost and produce a profit for the complete line, not necessarily for each item.
C) deliberately selling a product below its customary price, not to increase sales, but to attract customers' attention in hopes that they will buy other products as well.
D) setting different prices for products and services depending on individual buyers and purchase situations in light of demand, cost, and competitive factors.
E) adding a fixed percentage to the cost of all items in a specific product class.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The ratio of perceived benefits to __________ is referred to as value.


A) price
B) prestige
C) perceived quality
D) profits
E) perceived costs

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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