A) reward retailers for making large quantity purchases.
B) encourage purchasing items during periods of low demand.
C) prevent competitors from obtaining shelf space.
D) counteract the introduction of a new product by a competitor.
E) encourage retailers to pay their bills promptly.
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Multiple Choice
A) a higher average price will not cause the demand for a product to fall.
B) new technology will cause the demand for a product to rise.
C) a higher average price will deter moves by competitors.
D) this form of pricing is extremely risky because profit is tied to the current value of the dollar.
E) competitors will not copy any pricing changes.
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) value-pricing.
B) societal pricing.
C) revenue sharing.
D) barter.
E) cost-assist pricing.
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Multiple Choice
A) experience curve pricing
B) loss-leader pricing
C) a quantity discount
D) a promotional discount
E) everyday low pricing
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Multiple Choice
A) an increase in demand that did not require a change in price but was the result of a change in one or more demand factors.
B) an increase in demand that required a decrease in price.
C) no change in price and a decrease in demand that results from internal business practice changes.
D) no change in demand or price but a greater profit due to economies of scale.
E) a decrease in price from $8 to $6 per unit.
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Multiple Choice
A) charging different prices to different buyers for goods of like grade and quality.
B) setting the highest initial price that customers really desiring the product are willing to pay.
C) setting a low initial price on a new product to appeal immediately to the mass market.
D) setting a market price for a product or product class based on a subjective feel for the competitors' prices or market price.
E) setting prices a few dollars or cents under an even number.
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Multiple Choice
A) The manufacturer's labor to make them comprises the largest percentage of the final price, with other channel members clamoring over a mere 10 percent.
B) Everyone gets a fair cut of the final price; the marketer will be cut off from the customer unless all channel members are profitable.
C) The specialty retailers that sell them account for only 25 percent of the cost so that the jeans can benefit from demand pull.
D) The contract manufacturer for the jeans receives the least percentage of the final price.
E) The marketer of the designer denim jeans typically is not profitable for products like these.
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Multiple Choice
A) price elastic.
B) price sensitive.
C) price inelastic.
D) price insensitive.
E) unitary elastic.
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Multiple Choice
A) adjusting the price of a product so it is "in line" with that of its largest competitor.
B) setting the price of a line of products at a number of different price points.
C) setting prices to achieve a profit that is a specified percentage of the sales volume.
D) increasing the price slightly to protect against undue profit losses from unforeseen environmental forces.
E) adding a fixed percentage to the cost of all items in a specific product class.
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Multiple Choice
A) personnel.
B) advertising expenditures.
C) ancillary product support.
D) revenues the firm expects to receive.
E) supply.
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Multiple Choice
A) college tuition
B) operating costs
C) liquidity
D) value
E) stockholders' equity
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Multiple Choice
A) demand that is insensitive to price over the range being considered
B) a higher-than average price compared to competitors
C) a low potential for currency exchange rates to change
D) a lower-than average price compared to competitors
E) a new or innovative product
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Multiple Choice
A) the lower the price the firm must charge.
B) the more competition it has.
C) the higher is the price that can usually be charged.
D) the lower its production costs are.
E) the lower its unit variable cost is.
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Multiple Choice
A) cost
B) appearance
C) value
D) price
E) quality
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Multiple Choice
A) setting the lowest initial price possible when introducing a new or innovative product in order to "skim" sales from competitors.
B) setting the highest initial price that customers who really desire the product are willing to pay.
C) setting a low initial price on a new product to appeal immediately to the mass market.
D) the practice of replacing promotional allowances with higher manufacturer list prices.
E) setting a high price so that quality- or status-conscious consumers will be attracted to the product and buy it.
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Multiple Choice
A) a onetime discount to promote the product that must be used within a certain time frame.
B) the cash payments or an extra amount of free goods awarded sellers in the marketing channel for undertaking certain advertising or selling activities to promote the product.
C) the return of money to promote the product based on proof of purchase.
D) a short-term price reduction when consumer demand takes a significant and unexpected dip.
E) an incentive, such as trips, cruises, jewelry, etc., presented to brand-loyal customers.
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Multiple Choice
A) the price-quality relationship.
B) customer-value pricing.
C) value-added pricing.
D) value analysis.
E) value.
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Multiple Choice
A) Sherman Act.
B) Consumer Goods Pricing Act.
C) Robinson-Patman Act.
D) Federal Trade Commission Act.
E) Anti-Competitive Act.
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Multiple Choice
A) skimming
B) price lining
C) BOGO
D) penetration
E) loss-leader
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