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As product adopters in the diffusion of innovation,members of the late majority


A) have a fear of debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) are deliberate and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social settings and have a slightly above average education.
E) are venturesome, highly educated, and use multiple information sources.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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As product adopters in the diffusion of innovation,laggards


A) have a fear of debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) are deliberate and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social settings and have a slightly above average education.
E) are venturesome, highly educated, and use multiple information sources.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Explain how packaging provides communication,functional,and perceptual benefits for manufacturers,retailers,and consumers.

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Packages provide important benefits for ...

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The added value a brand name gives to a product beyond the functional benefits provided is referred to as


A) brand cachet.
B) brand net worth.
C) brand equity.
D) brand benefit.
E) brand enhancement.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Trading up refers to


A) adding product features but reducing the price.
B) changing the distribution channel members to higher-service-quality retailers.
C) adding value to the product (or line) through additional features or higher-quality materials.
D) reallocating marketing resources from a poor-performing target market to one that demonstrates greater potential for future growth.
E) offering consumers a discount when they purchase a more expensive version of the product.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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When a product reaches the decline stage of the product life cycle,a firm has two choices.One choice involves product deletion-dropping it from a firm's product line.The other is called __________,which retains the product in the product line but reduces marketing costs.


A) skimming
B) paring
C) divesting
D) milking
E) harvesting

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Changing the place a product occupies in a consumer's mind relative to competitive products is referred to as


A) market modification.
B) product modification.
C) product repositioning.
D) product positioning.
E) perceptual mapping.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Seiko makes watches.It markets its higher quality watches under the Seiko or LaSalle brand names and its lower-priced watches are sold under the Pulsar brand.Seiko uses a __________ strategy.


A) multibranding
B) product differentiation branding
C) multiproduct branding
D) segmentation branding
E) private branding

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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A __________ product requires little learning by the consumer,and the benefits of the purchase are readily understood.


A) high-learning
B) fashion
C) fad
D) substitute
E) low-learning

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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LED (light-emitting diode) lightbulbs,such as the Cree LED bulb,have been available for only a few years in low lighting levels (lumens) .They are designed to replace incandescent and compact fluorescent lightbulbs,in part because of a federal law that phases out incandescent lightbulbs in favor of more energy-efficient ones.LED bulbs are more expensive but will last up to 20 years.In what stage of the product life cycle is this product?


A) growth stage
B) decline stage
C) accelerated development stage
D) introduction stage
E) maturity stage

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The formula __________ is used to calculate BDI.


A) (Percent of the total U.S. population in a market segment / Percent of a brand's total U.S. sales in a market segment) * 100
B) (Percent of a product category's total U.S. sales in a market segment / Percent of the total U.S. population in a market segment) * 100
C) (Percent of a brand's total U.S. sales in a market segment / Percent of the total U.S. population in a market segment) * 100
D) (Percent of the total U.S. population in a market segment / Percent of a product category's total U.S. sales in a market segment) * 100
E) of the ratio of sales revenue of the firm to the total sales revenue of all firms in the industry, including the firm itself

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following is a multiproduct branding strategy?


A) mixed branding
B) product line extensions
C) multibranding
D) brand licensing
E) private branding

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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There is no set time that a product takes to move through its life cycle.But as a rule,


A) services are highly affected by social trends while tangible goods are not.
B) consumer products have shorter life cycles than business products.
C) business products typically show very short maturity stages.
D) technological change tends to lengthen product life cycles.
E) product life cycles are longer for ideas than for services.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Under the concept of the diffusion of innovation,consumers who are deliberate adopters with many informal social contacts are called


A) innovators.
B) early adopters.
C) the early majority.
D) the late majority.
E) laggards.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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As product adopters,innovators


A) have a fear of debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) are deliberate and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social settings and have a slightly above average education.
E) are venturesome, higher educated, and use multiple information sources.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Hot-Can Café Latte comes in single-serving,self-heating containers.Not only does this benefit people on the go,it is a popular product with backpackers and hunters because they can still have hot coffee when there is no electricity-no heat source necessary! This demonstrates which benefit of good packaging?


A) communication benefit
B) perceptual benefit
C) financial benefit
D) societal benefit
E) functional benefit

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Figure 10-5 Figure 10-5   -The consumers represented by E in Figure 10-5 are called A)  laggards. B)  innovators. C)  late majority. D)  early majority. E)  early adopters. -The consumers represented by E in Figure 10-5 are called


A) laggards.
B) innovators.
C) late majority.
D) early majority.
E) early adopters.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Managers often use two special measures to help identify strong and weak market segments in order to provide direction for marketing efforts.One of these is the BDI,or


A) business development index.
B) brand development index.
C) business-portfolio development index.
D) buyers development index.
E) benchmark development index.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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If a customer is reluctant to try a new product because he'd have to change his normal everyday behaviors,the company is most likely facing a __________ barrier.


A) usage
B) risk
C) value
D) financial
E) psychological

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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The sale of two or more separate products in one package is referred to as


A) a BOGO deal.
B) product modification.
C) product repositioning.
D) product bundling.
E) product differentiation.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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