Question 1

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vasodilation of the peritubular capillaries
B)  vasoconstriction of the peritubular capillaries
C)  renin-angiotensin II vasoconstricting both the afferent and efferent arterioles
D)  increasing osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsuleE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Active transport mechanisms have limited transport capacities because the renal tubule is not very permeable to molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The trigone is

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of three neighboring nephrons in a kidney.
B)  a triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder.
C)  a region where the glomerulus meets the glomerular capsule.
D)  a muscle layer that surrounds each kidney.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Proteins of smaller molecular size may be reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the process of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proteins of smaller molecular size may be...

Question 5

The hormone ADH promotes water reabsorption through the wall(s) of the

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
B)  proximal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
C)  ascending limb of the nephron loop.
D)  descending limb of the nephron loop.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid.
B)  calcium oxalate.
C)  cholesterol.
D)  magnesium phosphate.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Glomerular filtration produces about 18 liters of fluid formed in twenty-four hours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A renal corpuscle includes the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus and glomerular capsule.
B)  glomerulus and renal tubule.
C)  glomerular capsule and renal tubule.
D)  renal tubule and collecting tubule.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

Michael is 26 years old.He becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough.His infant son Sean,however,becomes dehydrated fairly frequently.This difference in susceptibility to dehydration is because

Accepted Answer

A)  adults drink more liquid.
B)  infants grow rapidly.
C)  infant kidneys are less able to conserve water.
D)  the infant thirst mechanism is underdevelopeD.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Sympathetic nerve impulses usually cause proportional degrees of vasodilation in the afferent and efferent arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

During a kidney transplant procedure,the renal artery and vein of the donor kidney are connected to the recipient's

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery and vein.
B)  iliac artery and vein.
C)  aorta and inferior vena cava.
D)  aorta and portal vein.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid.
B)  urea.
C)  ammonia.
D)  water.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

The urinary bladder is superior to the parietal peritoneum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Accepted Answer

A)  person controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter.
B)  sympathetic impulses stimulating the internal urethral sphincter.
C)  relaxation of the external urethral sphincter.
D)  voluntary contractions or inhibition of the prostate glanD.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

The ________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter
B)  urethra
C)  collecting duct
D)  nephron loopE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Females are at higher risk of contracting a urinary tract infection because

Accepted Answer

A)  the female urethra is shorter than the male's.
B)  the female urethra is longer than the male's.
C)  women sit down to urinate.
D)  women use toilet paper when they urinate.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases sodium excretion.
B)  increases sodium excretion.
C)  decreases potassium excretion.
D)  increases potassium excretion.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Water channels in cell membranes formed by __________ are a result of ADH signaling in the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)  podocytes
B)  cytopores
C)  aquaporins
D)  pyrogensE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Uric acid results from the metabolism of _____ _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Uric acid results from the metabolism of...

Question 20

The new parents are stunned at the state of their newborn's soiled diaper - it is blue! What might be the cause of the odd diaper stain?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH deficiency
B)  A defect in transport of the amino acid tryptophan in the small intestine
C)  A buildup of uric acid in the blood
D)  E.coli poisoningE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Exam 20: Urinary System

Water channels in cell membranes formed by __________ are a result of ADH signaling in the kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Active transport mechanisms have limited transport capacities because the renal tubule is not very permeable to molecules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone ADH promotes water reabsorption through the wall(s) of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Females are at higher risk of contracting a urinary tract infection because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a kidney transplant procedure,the renal artery and vein of the donor kidney are connected to the recipient's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The new parents are stunned at the state of their newborn's soiled diaper - it is blue! What might be the cause of the odd diaper stain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A renal corpuscle includes the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The trigone is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glomerular filtration produces about 18 liters of fluid formed in twenty-four hours.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Uric acid results from the metabolism of _____ _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic nerve impulses usually cause proportional degrees of vasodilation in the afferent and efferent arterioles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Michael is 26 years old.He becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough.His infant son Sean,however,becomes dehydrated fairly frequently.This difference in susceptibility to dehydration is because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins of smaller molecular size may be reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the process of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The urinary bladder is superior to the parietal peritoneum.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Uric acid results from the metabolism of _ _.

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