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Exam 17: Body Defense Mechanisms

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Question 1

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Lysozyme, a protective enzyme found in tears and saliva, is an example of a(n) ________ barrier.

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chemical

Question 2

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Briefly explain how the body's first line of defense against pathogens works.

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The first line of defense includes physi...

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Question 3

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A wound to the skin may become swollen, red, and hot to the touch. These three responses are part of the ________.

A child may be given the vaccine for chickenpox. If the child goes to school and plays with other children who have the chickenpox virus, the vaccinated child will not get sick. Why is this?

Juana is exhibiting redness, swelling, and elevated temperature in one area of her arm. She has a condition known as ________.

Descendant cells that are long-lived and "remember" a particular invader and mount a rapid intense response to it if it should reappear are ________.

________ are a type of phagocytic cell that will attack and kill anything not recognized as part of the body.

Which is a type of lymphocyte that forms in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland?

One type of bacteria, called gram-negative bacteria, has a pyrogen molecule that is part of its membrane structure. This endogenous pyrogen is released when the cell is destroyed by the immune system. Why would a severe gram-negative bacterial infection be particularly dangerous to a patient?

Monoclonal antibodies are useful in treating cancer when radioactive materials or tumor-killing drugs are attached to them. How is it that these cancer-killing methods are delivered only to the tumor and not to other, healthy cells?

If a pathogen penetrates nonspecific physical and chemical surface barriers, it breaks through the ________.

Which of the following is not an example of active immunity?

These white blood cells attack virus-infected cells in the body.

Lupus is a disease in which the immune system produces antibodies that attach to various tissues throughout the body, which initiates massive inflammation and tissue death. What type of disease is this, and what sort of treatment may prove effective?

Zacchias has been in a horrible fire, and 50% of the total surface of his skin has been destroyed. Given the information in this chapter, why is it so important to replace the burned skin, and what is his best specific option for replacement?

This group of proteins can actually punch holes in pathogenic cells.

Antigens are substances that the immune system does not recognize as self. Which of the following are antigens?

Abdul, who is 6 years old and beginning his first day of school, comes into his classroom where some other children are eating peanuts. Within a few minutes he complains of dizziness and seems to be struggling to breathe. You suspect ________.

Allergy shots require many injections over long periods of time to be effective. Why can't the body get over an allergy with just a couple of injections?

Organisms that invade the body and cause disease are known as ________.