Question 1

What is proton-motive force?

Accepted Answer

A)   the force required to remove an electron from hydrogen
B)   the force provided by a transmembrane hydrogen ion gradient
C)   the force that moves hydrogen into the intermembrane space
D)   the force that moves hydrogen into the mitochondrion
E)   the force that moves hydrogen to NAD+F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

If pyruvate oxidation is blocked, what will happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citric acid in the citric acid cycle shown in Figure 7.1?

Accepted Answer

A)   There will be no change in the levels of oxaloacetate and citric acid.
B)   Oxaloacetate will decrease and citric acid will accumulate.
C)   Oxaloacetate will accumulate and citric acid will decrease.
D)   Both oxaloacetate and citric acid will decrease.
E)   Both oxaloacetate and citric acid will accumulate.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2)  from a molecule of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

A)   lactate
B)   glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
C)   oxaloacetate
D)   acetyl CoA
E)   citrateF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   CO2 and H2O
B)   CO2 and pyruvate
C)   NADH and pyruvate
D)   CO2 and NADH
E)   H2O, FADH2, and citrateF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondrial matrix
B)   mitochondrial outer membrane
C)   mitochondrial inner membrane
D)   mitochondrial intermembrane space
E)   cytosolF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along the electron transport chain in Figure 7.2?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chemiosmosis is coupled with electron transfer.
B)   Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized.
C)   ATP is generated at each step.
D)   Energy of the electrons increases at each step.
E)   Molecules in the chain give up some of their potential energy.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 7

What fraction of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated by the reactions of the citric acid cycle, if glucose is the sole energy source?

Accepted Answer

A)   1/6
B)   1/3
C)   1/2
D)   2/3
E)   all of itF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

Accepted Answer

A)   glycolysis
B)   accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
C)   the citric acid cycle
D)   the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
E)   the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATPF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 9

During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, most of the potential energy contained in glucose is

Accepted Answer

A)   transferred to ADP, forming ATP.
B)   transferred directly to ATP.
C)   retained in the two pyruvates.
D)   stored in the NADH produced.
E)   used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose 6-phosphate.F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrolyzed.
B)   hydrogenated.
C)   oxidized.
D)   reduced.
E)   an oxidizing agent.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon dioxide (CO2) 
B)   glucose (C6H12O6) 
C)   molecular oxygen (O2) 
D)   pyruvate (C3H3O3-) 
E)   lactate (C3H5O3-) F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

An electron loses potential energy when it

Accepted Answer

A)   shifts to a less electronegative atom.
B)   shifts to a more electronegative atom.
C)   increases its kinetic energy.
D)   increases its activity as an oxidizing agent.
E)   moves further away from the nucleus of the atom.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   the electron transport chain
B)   substrate-level phosphorylation
C)   chemiosmosis
D)   oxidative phosphorylation
E)   aerobic respirationF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

Accepted Answer

A)   glucose
B)   proteins
C)   fatty acids
D)   glucose, proteins, and fatty acids
E)   Such yeast cells will not be capable of catabolizing any food molecules, and will therefore die.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mol and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose is used in the production of ATP in glycolysis.
B)   Glycolysis is a very inefficient reaction, with much of the energy of glucose released as heat.
C)   Most of the free energy available from the oxidation of glucose remains in pyruvate, one of the products of glycolysis.
D)   There is no CO2 or water produced as products of glycolysis.
E)   Glycolysis consists of many enzymatic reactions, each of which extracts some energy from the glucose molecule.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell
B)   an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it
C)   an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized
D)   an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD+
E)   an agent that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chainF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

Figure 7.2
-Figure 7.2 shows the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the combination of substances that is initially added to the chain?

Accepted Answer

A)   oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water
B)   NAD+, FAD, and electrons
C)   NADH, FADH2, and protons
D)   NADH, FADH2, and O2
E)   oxygen and protonsF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 18

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)  gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton) , the molecule becomes

Accepted Answer

A)   dehydrogenated.
B)   oxidized.
C)   reduced.
D)   redoxed.
E)   hydrolyzed.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

You have a friend who lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds)  of fat on a regimen of strict diet and exercise. How did the fat leave her body?

Accepted Answer

A)   It was released as CO2 and H2O.
B)   It was converted to heat and then released.
C)   It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat.
D)   It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body.
E)   It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Which of the protein complexes labeled with Roman numerals in Figure 7.2 will transfer electrons to O2?

Accepted Answer

A)   complex I
B)   complex II
C)   complex III
D)   complex IV
E)   All of the complexes can transfer electrons to O2.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Which of the protein complexes labeled with Roman numerals in Figure 7.2 will transfer electrons to O2?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An electron loses potential energy when it

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The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?

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The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have a friend who lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of fat on a regimen of strict diet and exercise. How did the fat leave her body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along the electron transport chain in Figure 7.2?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is proton-motive force?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton) , the molecule becomes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, most of the potential energy contained in glucose is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mol and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mol. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What fraction of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated by the reactions of the citric acid cycle, if glucose is the sole energy source?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 7.2 -Figure 7.2 shows the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the combination of substances that is initially added to the chain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If pyruvate oxidation is blocked, what will happen to the levels of oxaloacetate and citric acid in the citric acid cycle shown in Figure 7.1?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yeast cells that have defective mitochondria incapable of respiration will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2) from a molecule of pyruvate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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