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A fixed-price policy refers to


A) setting different prices for products and services in real time in response to supply and demand conditions.
B) setting the price of an entire line of products at a single specific pricing point.
C) simultaneously setting prices for all items in a product line to cover the total cost and produce a profit for the complete line,not necessarily for each item.
D) adding a fixed percentage to the cost of all items in a specific product class.
E) setting one price for all buyers of a product or service.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Setting a market price for a product or product class based on a subjective feel for the competitors' price or market price as the benchmark is referred to as


A) customary pricing.
B) above-,at-,or below-market pricing.
C) standard markup pricing.
D) competitive margin pricing.
E) experience curve pricing.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Figure 14-1 above represents the six steps in setting price.Which letter represents the step where a firm would make geographical adjustments?


A) "D"
B) "B"
C) "E"
D) "F"
E) "C"

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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A discount that is based on the size of an individual purchase order rather than a series of repeat orders is referred to as a(n)


A) cumulative quantity discount.
B) bundle pricing.
C) economic order discount.
D) noncumulative quantity discount.
E) promotional allowance.

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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A skimming pricing policy is likely to be most effective when: (1) __________; (2) the high initial price will not attract competitors; (3) lowering the price has only a minor effect on increasing the sales volume and reducing the unit cost;and (4) customers interpret the high price as signifying high quality.


A) consumers tend to be price sensitive
B) enough prospective customers are willing to buy immediately at the high initial price to make these sales profitable
C) it will be easier to set measurable sales unit goals
D) a lower price will significantly reduce unit costs
E) consumers perceive your product to be similar to other products in the market

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following statements about geographical adjustments to price is most accurate?


A) In FOB origin pricing,the seller selects the mode of transportation.
B) In FOB with freight-allowed pricing,the seller must pay for all transportation costs.
C) Multiple-zone pricing is sometimes referred to as "spider web" pricing.
D) Basing point pricing seems to have been used in industries where freight expenses are a significant part of the total cost to the buyer.
E) Geographical adjustments can be subject government regulation if the firm cannot supply objective data (lists of mountains,rivers,weather conditions,etc. ) explaining why those adjustments need to be made.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Deceptive pricing practices are outlawed by legislation and enforced by which federal agency?


A) Consumer Protection Agency
B) U.S.Department of Justice
C) Federal Communications Commission
D) U.S.Department of Commerce
E) Federal Trade Commission

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Consider the Tostitos products photo above.Frito-Lay recognizes that its tortilla chip products are partial substitutes for one another.Its bean and cheese dips and salsa sauces complement its tortilla chips.Frito-Lay uses this knowledge to set prices for each item in order to ensure that the entire line is profitable.This pricing strategy is known as


A) bundle pricing.
B) price lining.
C) customary pricing.
D) product-line pricing.
E) loss-leader pricing.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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What is the difference between and EDLP retailer and a High-Low retailer? Why does Carmex charge them a different price?

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Everyday Low Price (EDLP)retailers,such ...

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Which of the following companies would be most likely to use target return-on-investment pricing?


A) a farmer
B) a florist shop
C) a book publisher
D) a veterinarian
E) an automobile manufacturer

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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To promote their business,some psychics advertise free tarot-card readings and other insights into their customers' futures on television.Unfortunately,this "free reading" has cost some unsuspecting callers as much as $700 in phone charges.This sort of pricing practice would be primarily monitored by the


A) Consumer Protection Agency.
B) U.S.Department of Justice.
C) Federal Trade Commission.
D) Federal Communications Commission.
E) Consumer Product Safety Commission.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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To reward wholesalers and retailers for having supplies in stock at the time customers want,manufacturers offer


A) noncumulative discounts.
B) seasonal discounts.
C) trade discounts.
D) cumulative discounts.
E) functional discounts.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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A pricing method where all buyers pay the same delivered price for the products,regardless of their distance from the seller,is referred to as __________.


A) single-zone pricing
B) multiple-zone pricing
C) freight absorption pricing
D) FOB origin pricing
E) basing-point pricing

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following statements about geographical pricing is most accurate?


A) Geographical pricing is generally legal and not normally a concern in the U.S.legal system.
B) Geographical pricing has come under more government scrutiny than any other pricing policy.
C) FOB freight-allowed pricing practices are illegal.
D) FOB origin pricing is legal.
E) Basing-point pricing is the only form of geographical pricing that is not under some type of legal restriction.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Everyday low pricing refers to


A) the pricing strategy of "extreme value" stores to maintain high price-quality images for the products they sell.
B) the pricing strategy of starting a product at standard list price and then lowering the price by a certain percentage until it is sold.
C) short-term price reductions when consumer demand takes a significant and unexpected dip.
D) the practice of replacing promotional allowances with lower manufacturer list prices.
E) a form of predatory pricing used solely for the purpose of undercutting competitors' prices.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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A claim that a price is below a manufacturer's suggested or list price may be deceptive if


A) the items for sale had been purchased from another retailer.
B) the items for sale were part of a manufacturer's promotional allowance.
C) the items were part of a bulk order.
D) few or no sales occur at that price in a retailer's market area.
E) the items were purchased from the manufacturer at a higher price and the sale was part of a loss-leader promotion.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Skimming pricing is considered to be a __________ approach to pricing.


A) demand-oriented
B) cost-oriented
C) profit-oriented
D) competition-oriented
E) service-oriented

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Discounts refer to reductions from the __________ that a seller gives a buyer as a reward for some activity of the buyer that is favorable to the seller.


A) final price
B) list price
C) wholesaler's cost
D) manufacturer's cost
E) retailer's cost

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Setting a high price so that quality- or status-conscious consumers will be attracted to the product and buy it is referred to as


A) skimming pricing.
B) status pricing.
C) price lining.
D) value pricing.
E) prestige pricing.

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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Mark Johnson,the manager of a discount consumer electronics store,was approached by the manufacturer's representative on behalf of a marketer of a popular and profitable line of DVD storage racks.The manufacturer's representative implied that if Johnson doesn't raise the retail prices for the storage racks to those paid by the marketer's non-discount customers,Johnson's supply of racks may be severely curtailed.The manufacturer's representative is guilty of attempting


A) horizontal price-fixing.
B) resale price maintenance.
C) price discrimination.
D) predatory pricing.
E) bait and switch pricing.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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