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The retail price of DVD players has decreased from $900 in the mid-1990s to about $50 today.This is due in large part to


A) skimming pricing.
B) prestige pricing.
C) odd-even pricing.
D) customary pricing.
E) experience curve pricing.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Summing the total unit cost of providing a product or service and adding a specific amount to the cost to arrive at a price is referred to as __________.


A) standard markup pricing
B) experience curve pricing
C) cost-plus pricing
D) product-line pricing
E) target return-on-investment pricing

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The word "Free" in relation to the acronym "FOB" signals the point or location where the seller is


A) free of responsibility for customer invoicing.
B) free of product liability.
C) free to choose method of transportation.
D) free to choose the point of loading.
E) free to choose the method of payment.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The pricing approach that: (1) estimates the price that ultimate consumers would be willing to pay for a product; (2) works backward through markups taken by retailers and wholesalers to determine what price to charge wholesalers;and (3) results in the manufacturer deliberately adjusting the composition and features of the product to achieve the price to consumers is referred to as __________.


A) cost-benefit pricing
B) cost-plus percentage-of-cost pricing
C) target pricing
D) cost-plus fixed-fee pricing
E) product feature pricing

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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Identifying pricing objectives and constraints would occur during __________ of the price-setting process.


A) Step 1
B) Step 2
C) Step 3
D) Step 4
E) Step 5

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Quantity discounts refer to


A) price reductions in unit costs for placing a larger order.
B) price reductions for placing long-term pre-scheduled orders.
C) price reductions to encourage retailers to stock inventory earlier than their normal demand would require.
D) BOGOs.
E) reductions in unit costs for taking merchandise that will soon be replaced by new and improved versions of the original product.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Reductions in unit costs for a larger order are referred to as


A) promotional allowances.
B) economic order discounts.
C) penetration pricing.
D) quantity discounts.
E) case allowances.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Vizio,Inc.is the largest contender in the __________ market.


A) designer eyewear
B) virtual media
C) HDTV
D) 3D video game
E) exotic travel

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Uniform delivered pricing refers to


A) the price the seller quotes that includes all transportation costs.
B) the price the seller quotes that excludes all transportation costs.
C) the price the seller quotes that includes a fixed allowance whereby the buyer pays all additional costs.
D) the price the seller quotes includes a fixed percentage of transportation costs for which it will be responsible.
E) the guarantee that a retailer will be charged the same transportation fee for all of their outlets regardless of where they are located.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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One problem in the interstate trucking industry is the number of trucks that return empty after making a delivery.There is a website where independent interstate truckers can look for loads to carry on their return trips,known as backhauls.Because the trucks would normally return empty,truckers who use this website to generate business they would not have had otherwise receive a reduced shipping rate.This reduced rate for a backhaul is an example of


A) penetration pricing.
B) target pricing.
C) cost-plus pricing.
D) odd-even pricing.
E) yield management pricing.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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According to Figure 14-1 above,"C" represents which step in the price-setting process?


A) estimate demand and revenue
B) identify pricing objectives and constraints
C) scan competitors for prices of similar products or services
D) determine cost,volume,and profit relationships
E) establish the price range

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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The fashion buyer for Neiman Marcus is in Italy to view the new collections and to order for the coming season.In Milan,she negotiates a good price for a quantity of shoes in a range of sizes and styles,FOB factory.This means that


A) the factory selects the mode of transportation,pays the freight charges,and is responsible for any damage because the seller retains title to the goods until they are delivered to Neiman Marcus.
B) the factory selects the mode of transportation but Neiman Marcus pays freight charges and is responsible for any damage while the shoes are in transit because title passes to the firm at the point of loading.
C) Neiman Marcus and the factory will split the freight costs.
D) the factory pays the freight cost to a designated port (airport or seaport) in the U.S.while Neiman Marcus pays the freight from that port to its final destination within the U.S.
E) the factory passes the title when the goods are loaded but will pay all shipping costs.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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A manufacturer offers a suggested list price for a cashmere sweater of $250.The trade discount is 40/20/10.What amount does the manufacturer expect to receive for the sweater?


A) $175.00
B) $225.00
C) $108.00
D) $125.00
E) $100.00

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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A price war refers to


A) competition between sellers and resellers to maintain or attain the largest market share of potential customers.
B) conflicts between manufacturers and distributors regarding acceptable percentages they each charge relative to one another.
C) when one channel member believes another channel member is engaged in pricing behavior that prevents it from achieving its profitability goals.
D) the successive price cutting by competitors to increase or maintain their unit sales or market share.
E) the practice of replacing promotional allowances with lower manufacturer list prices.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Experience curve pricing is considered to be a __________ approach to pricing.


A) demand-oriented
B) cost-oriented
C) profit-oriented
D) competition-oriented
E) service-oriented

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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A manufacturer estimates that consumers will accept a price of $275 for a snowboard.If the manufacturer expects to offer trade discounts of 35/15/5 to retailers,wholesalers,and jobbers,respectively,what price will the manufacturer receive for the snowboard?


A) $275.00
B) $178.75
C) $151.94
D) $144.34
E) $100.00

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Discounts that apply to the accumulation of purchases of a product over a given time period,such as a year,are referred to as


A) promotional allowances.
B) cumulative quantity discounts.
C) cash discounts.
D) functional discounts.
E) noncumulative quantity discounts.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Figure 14-1 above represents the six steps in setting price.Which letter represents the step where a firm would balance incremental costs and revenues?


A) "E"
B) "F"
C) "D"
D) "C"
E) "A"

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Central Ice Machine Company is located in Omaha,Nebraska and sells Frick,Sullair,York,and Fes Fuller ammonia refrigeration parts.The company ships these parts using FOB origin pricing.Which of the following statements about the shipment of a Frick reciprocating compressor is MOST ACCURATE?


A) Central Ice Machine will pay all shipping costs.
B) Central Ice Machine splits the shipping costs with its customers regardless of where the compressor is shipped.
C) It will cost Central Ice Machine more to ship to Charlotte,North Carolina than to Topeka,Kansas.
D) A buyer in Albany,New York,will pay significantly more shipping charges than a buyer in Lincoln,Nebraska.
E) All buyers will pay the same shipping costs,regardless of the destination.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the four approaches does Carmex use to set prices for its products?

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Carmex uses each of the four perspective...

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